Me zai faru idan aka iya haɗa kayan haɗin gilashin da aka ƙarfafa da zare (GFRP) a ƙarshen rayuwarsu mai amfani, ban da fa'idodin da aka tabbatar na rage nauyi, ƙarfi da tauri, juriyar tsatsa da dorewa? Wannan, a taƙaice, shine abin sha'awa na fasahar ABM Composite.
Gilashin bioactive, zaruruwa masu ƙarfi
An kafa Arctic Biomaterials Oy (Tampere, Finland) a shekarar 2014, ta ƙirƙiro wani zare na gilashi mai lalacewa wanda aka yi da abin da ake kira gilashin bioactive, wanda Ari Rosling, darektan bincike da ci gaba a ABM Composite, ya bayyana a matsayin "wani tsari na musamman da aka ƙirƙira a shekarun 1960 wanda ke ba da damar lalata gilashin a ƙarƙashin yanayin jiki. Lokacin da aka shigar da shi cikin jiki, gilashin yana tarwatsewa zuwa gishirin ma'adinai da ke cikinsa, yana fitar da sodium, magnesium, phosphates, da sauransu, don haka yana haifar da yanayin da ke ƙarfafa ci gaban ƙashi."
"Yana da irin waɗannan halaye kamarFiber ɗin gilashi mara alkali (E-glass)"" Rosling ya ce, "Amma wannan gilashin da ke aiki da sinadarai yana da wahalar ƙerawa da jawo shi zuwa zare, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi ne kawai a matsayin foda ko putty. Kamar yadda muka sani, ABM Composite ita ce kamfani na farko da ya yi zare mai ƙarfi daga gare ta a sikelin masana'antu, kuma yanzu muna amfani da waɗannan zare na gilashin ArcBiox X4/5 don ƙarfafa nau'ikan robobi daban-daban, gami da polymers masu lalacewa".
Dashen magani
Yankin Tampere, wanda ke da sa'o'i biyu a arewacin Helsinki, Finland, ya kasance cibiyar polymers masu lalacewa ta hanyar bio-based bio-reduced don aikace-aikacen likita tun daga shekarun 1980. Rosling ya bayyana, "Ɗaya daga cikin dashen farko da ake samu a kasuwa wanda aka yi da waɗannan kayan an samar da shi ne a Tampere, kuma haka ABM Composite ya fara! wanda yanzu shine sashin kasuwancin likitancinmu".
"Akwai polymers da yawa masu lalacewa da za a iya ɗauka don dashen." Ya ci gaba, "amma halayen injiniyancinsu ba su da ƙashi na halitta. Mun sami damar haɓaka waɗannan polymers masu lalacewa don ba da dashen ƙarfi iri ɗaya da ƙashi na halitta". Rosling ya lura cewa zare na gilashi na ArcBiox na likita tare da ƙara ABM na iya inganta halayen injiniyan polymers na PLLA masu lalacewa da kashi 200% zuwa 500%.
Sakamakon haka, dashen ABM Composite yana ba da aiki mafi girma fiye da dashen da aka yi da polymers marasa ƙarfi, yayin da kuma ake iya sha da kuma haɓaka samuwar ƙashi da girma. ABM Composite kuma yana amfani da dabarun sanya zare/zaren ta atomatik don tabbatar da ingantaccen yanayin zaren, gami da sanya zaren a duk tsawon dashen, da kuma sanya ƙarin zaren a wuraren da za su iya yin rauni.
Aikace-aikacen gida da fasaha
Tare da ci gaban sashen kasuwancin likitanci, ABM Composite ta fahimci cewa ana iya amfani da polymers masu tushen halittu da kuma waɗanda za a iya lalata su don kayan kicin, kayan ciye-ciye da sauran kayan gida. "Waɗannan polymers masu lalacewa galibi suna da ƙarancin halayen injiniya idan aka kwatanta da robobi masu tushen man fetur." Rosling ya ce, "Amma za mu iya ƙarfafa waɗannan kayan ta amfani da zare-zaren gilashinmu masu lalacewa, wanda hakan ya sa su zama madadin robobi na kasuwanci masu tushen burbushin halittu don aikace-aikacen fasaha iri-iri."
Sakamakon haka, ABM Composite ta ƙara sashin kasuwancinta na fasaha, wanda yanzu ke ɗaukar ma'aikata 60. "Muna bayar da ƙarin mafita mai ɗorewa na ƙarshen rayuwa (EOL)." Rosling ya ce, "Shawararmu ita ce mu sanya waɗannan abubuwan haɗin da za su iya lalacewa cikin ayyukan takin masana'antu inda suke rikidewa zuwa ƙasa." Gilashin E-gilashi na gargajiya ba shi da ƙarfi kuma ba zai lalace a cikin waɗannan wuraren takin ba.
Haɗaɗɗun Fiber na ArcBiox
ABM Composite ta ƙirƙiro nau'ikan zare na gilashi na ArcBiox X4/5 daban-daban don aikace-aikacen haɗaka, dagazare masu gajeruda kuma allurar ƙera abubuwa zuwazaruruwa masu ci gabadon hanyoyin aiki kamar yadi da pultrusion molding. Jerin ArcBiox BSGF yana haɗa zare-zaren gilashi masu lalacewa tare da resin polyester na bio-based kuma yana samuwa a cikin matakan fasaha gabaɗaya da maki 5 na ArcBiox da aka amince da su don amfani a aikace-aikacen hulɗa da abinci.
Kamfanin ABM Composite ya kuma yi bincike kan nau'ikan polymers masu lalacewa da kuma waɗanda ba su da illa, waɗanda suka haɗa da Polylactic Acid (PLA), PLLA da Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Zane-zanen da ke ƙasa yana nuna yadda zaren gilashi na X4/5 zai iya inganta aiki don yin gogayya da polymers ɗin da aka ƙarfafa da zaren gilashi kamar polypropylene (PP) har ma da polyamide 6 (PA6).
Kamfanin ABM Composite ya kuma yi bincike kan nau'ikan polymers masu lalacewa da kuma waɗanda ba su da illa, waɗanda suka haɗa da Polylactic Acid (PLA), PLLA da Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Zane-zanen da ke ƙasa yana nuna yadda zare-zaren gilashi na X4/5 za su iya inganta aiki don yin gogayya da polymers ɗin da aka ƙarfafa da zaren gilashi kamar polypropylene (PP) har ma da polyamide 6 (PA6).
Dorewa & Sauƙin Tacewa
Idan waɗannan abubuwan haɗin suna da lalacewa, har yaushe za su daɗe? "Zaren gilashinmu na X4/5 ba sa narkewa cikin mintuna biyar ko dare ɗaya kamar sukari, kuma yayin da kaddarorinsu za su lalace akan lokaci, ba za a iya gani sosai ba." In ji Rosling, "Don raguwa yadda ya kamata, muna buƙatar yanayin zafi mai yawa da danshi a cikin dogon lokaci, kamar yadda ake samu a cikin jiki ko a cikin tarin takin masana'antu. Misali, mun gwada kofuna da kwano da aka yi da kayan ArcBiox BSGF ɗinmu, kuma suna iya jure har zuwa zagayowar wanke-wanke 200 ba tare da rasa aiki ba. Akwai ɗan lalacewar halayen injina, amma ba har zuwa inda kofunan ba su da aminci don amfani da su ba".
Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci idan aka zubar da waɗannan abubuwan haɗin a ƙarshen rayuwarsu mai amfani, sun cika ƙa'idodin da ake buƙata don yin takin zamani, kuma ABM Composite ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da dama don tabbatar da cewa ta cika waɗannan ƙa'idodi. "Bisa ga ƙa'idodin ISO (don yin takin zamani a masana'antu), ya kamata a sami lalacewar halittu cikin watanni 6 kuma a ruɓe cikin watanni 3/kwana 90". Rosling ya ce, "Rushewa yana nufin sanya samfurin/samfurin gwajin a cikin biomass ko takin zamani. Bayan kwanaki 90, ƙwararren masani yana bincika biomass ɗin ta amfani da sieve. Bayan makonni 12, aƙalla kashi 90 cikin 100 na samfurin ya kamata su iya wucewa ta sieve mai girman 2 mm × 2 mm".
Ana tantance lalacewar halittu ta hanyar niƙa kayan da aka samar da budurwa zuwa foda da kuma auna jimlar CO2 da aka saki bayan kwana 90. Wannan yana tantance adadin carbon da ke cikin tsarin takin zamani da aka mayar zuwa ruwa, biomass da CO2. "Domin cin jarrabawar takin zamani ta masana'antu, dole ne a cimma kashi 90 cikin 100 na CO2 na ka'ida daga tsarin takin zamani (bisa ga yawan carbon da ke cikinsa)".
Rosling ya ce ABM Composite ya cika buƙatun ruɓewa da ruɓewa, kuma gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa ƙara zare na gilashin X4 ɗinsa a zahiri yana inganta ruɓewa (duba teburin da ke sama), wanda shine kashi 78% kawai ga cakuda PLA mara ƙarfi, misali. Ya bayyana, "Duk da haka, lokacin da aka ƙara zare na gilashinmu na ruɓewa kashi 30%, ruɓewa ya karu zuwa kashi 94%, yayin da ƙimar ruɓewa ta ci gaba da kyau".
Sakamakon haka, ABM Composite ta nuna cewa ana iya ba da takardar shaidar kayanta a matsayin waɗanda za a iya tarawa bisa ga EN 13432. Gwaje-gwajen da kayanta suka yi har zuwa yau sun haɗa da ISO 14855-1 don lalata kayan da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin takin zamani, ISO 16929 don lalata kayan da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin iska, ISO DIN EN 13432 don buƙatun sinadarai, da OECD 208 don gwajin gubar phytotoxicity, ISO DIN EN 13432.
Ana fitar da CO2 yayin takin zamani
A lokacin takin zamani, hakika ana sakin CO2, amma wasu suna nan a cikin ƙasa sannan tsire-tsire ke amfani da su. An yi nazarin takin zamani tsawon shekaru da dama, duka a matsayin tsarin masana'antu da kuma a matsayin tsarin bayan takin zamani wanda ke fitar da ƙarancin CO2 fiye da sauran hanyoyin zubar da shara, kuma har yanzu ana ɗaukar takin a matsayin tsari mai kyau ga muhalli da rage tasirin carbon.
Tsananin muhalli ya ƙunshi gwada biomass da aka samar a lokacin aikin takin zamani da kuma shuke-shuken da aka noma da wannan biomass. "Wannan don tabbatar da cewa takin zamani bai cutar da shuke-shuken da ake nomawa ba." in ji Rosling. Bugu da ƙari, ABM Composite ya nuna cewa kayan sa sun cika buƙatun biodegradation a ƙarƙashin yanayin takin zamani na gida, wanda kuma yana buƙatar biodegradation kashi 90%, amma a cikin watanni 12, idan aka kwatanta da ɗan gajeren lokaci don takin zamani na masana'antu.
Aikace-aikacen masana'antu, samarwa, farashi da ci gaban nan gaba
Ana amfani da kayan ABM Composite a aikace-aikacen kasuwanci da dama, amma ba za a iya bayyana ƙarin abubuwa ba saboda yarjejeniyoyin sirri. "Muna yin odar kayanmu don dacewa da aikace-aikacen kamar kofuna, miya, faranti, kayan yanka da kwantena na adana abinci," in ji Rosling, "amma ana amfani da su azaman madadin robobi masu tushen mai a cikin kwantena na kwalliya da manyan kayan gida. Kwanan nan, an zaɓi kayanmu don amfani da su wajen ƙera kayan aiki a cikin manyan kayan aikin masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar a maye gurbinsu duk bayan makonni 2-12. Waɗannan kamfanoni sun fahimci cewa ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfafa fiber ɗin gilashin X4 ɗinmu, ana iya yin waɗannan sassan injina tare da juriyar lalacewa da ake buƙata kuma ana iya yin taki bayan amfani. Wannan mafita ce mai kyau ga nan gaba kaɗan yayin da waɗannan kamfanoni ke fuskantar ƙalubalen cika sabbin ƙa'idodin hayakin muhalli da CO2".
Rosling ya ƙara da cewa, "Hakanan ana ƙara sha'awar amfani da zare-zarenmu masu ci gaba a cikin nau'ikan yadi daban-daban da waɗanda ba a saka ba don yin abubuwan gini na masana'antar gini. Muna kuma ganin sha'awar amfani da zare-zarenmu masu lalacewa tare da kayan PA ko PP da ba su lalacewa ta hanyar bio-based amma ba su lalacewa ta hanyar bio-based amma kuma ba su lalacewa ta hanyar bio-based ba, da kuma kayan thermoset marasa lalacewa."
A halin yanzu, fiberglass na X4/5 ya fi tsada fiye da gilashin E, amma yawan samarwa ma yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma ABM Composite yana neman damammaki da dama don faɗaɗa aikace-aikace da kuma sauƙaƙe haɓaka zuwa tan 20,000 a kowace shekara yayin da buƙata ke ƙaruwa, wanda hakan kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen rage farashi. Duk da haka, Rosling ya ce a lokuta da yawa ba a yi la'akari da kuɗaɗen da ke tattare da biyan buƙatun dorewa da sabbin ƙa'idoji ba. A halin yanzu, gaggawar ceton duniya tana ƙaruwa. "Al'umma ta riga ta tura ƙarin samfuran tushen halittu." Ya bayyana, "Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za su ƙarfafa fasahar sake amfani da su gaba, duniya tana buƙatar ci gaba da sauri kan wannan kuma ina tsammanin al'umma za ta ƙara himma ga samfuran tushen halittu a nan gaba".
LCA da Amfanin Dorewa
Rosling ya ce kayan ABM Composite suna rage fitar da hayakin iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli da kuma amfani da makamashin da ba za a iya sabunta shi ba da kashi 50-60 cikin 100 a kowace kilogiram. "Muna amfani da Bayanan Tashoshin Muhalli na 2.0, bayanan GaBi da aka amince da su, da kuma lissafin LCA (Binciken Zagayen Rayuwa) don samfuranmu bisa ga hanyar da aka tsara a cikin ISO 14040 da ISO 14044".
"A halin yanzu, lokacin da kayan haɗin suka kai ƙarshen rayuwarsu, ana buƙatar kuzari mai yawa don ƙona ko lalata sharar gida da kayayyakin EOL, kuma yankewa da takin zamani zaɓi ne mai kyau, kuma tabbas yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman shawarwari masu mahimmanci da muke bayarwa, kuma muna samar da sabon nau'in sake amfani da shi." Rosling ya ce, "An yi fiberglass ɗinmu ne daga abubuwan ma'adinai na halitta waɗanda suka riga sun kasance a cikin ƙasa. Don haka me zai hana a yi takin EOL, ko a narkar da zare daga kayan haɗin da ba za a iya lalata su ba bayan ƙonawa a yi amfani da su azaman taki? Wannan zaɓi ne na sake amfani da shi wanda ke da sha'awar duniya ta gaske".
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Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-27-2024