Yog tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov iav fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tuaj yeem ua composted thaum kawg ntawm lawv lub neej siv tau, ntxiv rau ntau xyoo ntawm cov txiaj ntsig pov thawj ntawm kev txo qhov hnyav, lub zog thiab kev tawv, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev ruaj khov? Qhov ntawd, hauv kev luv luv, yog qhov zoo ntawm ABM Composite cov thev naus laus zis.
Cov iav bioactive, cov fibers muaj zog heev
Arctic Biomaterials Oy (Tampere, Finland) tau tsim tsa xyoo 2014, thiab tau tsim cov iav fiber uas ua los ntawm cov iav bioactive uas hu ua bioactive, uas Ari Rosling, tus thawj coj R&D ntawm ABM Composite, piav qhia tias yog "ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1960 uas tso cai rau iav kom lwj hauv qab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev. Thaum nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lub iav yuav tawg ua cov ntsev ntxhia, tso tawm sodium, magnesium, phosphates, thiab lwm yam, yog li tsim ib qho mob uas txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm pob txha."
"Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws raualkali-dawb iav fiber (E-iav).” Rosling hais tias, “Tab sis cov iav bioactive no nyuaj rau tsim thiab kos rau hauv cov fibers, thiab txog tam sim no nws tsuas yog siv ua hmoov lossis putty xwb. Raws li peb paub, ABM Composite yog thawj lub tuam txhab ua cov iav fibers muaj zog siab los ntawm nws ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam, thiab tam sim no peb siv cov iav fibers ArcBiox X4/5 no los txhawb ntau hom yas, suav nrog cov polymers biodegradable.”
Cov khoom cog rau kev kho mob
Thaj av Tampere, ob teev sab qaum teb ntawm Helsinki, Finland, tau yog lub hauv paus rau cov polymers biodegradable rau kev siv kho mob txij li xyoo 1980. Rosling piav qhia tias, "Ib qho ntawm thawj cov khoom cog hniav uas muaj nyob hauv khw uas ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau tsim tawm hauv Tampere, thiab yog li ntawd ABM Composite tau pib! uas tam sim no yog peb lub chaw ua lag luam kho mob".
"Muaj ntau yam khoom siv biodegradable, bioabsorbable polymers rau kev cog hniav." Nws hais ntxiv tias, "tab sis lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis zoo li pob txha ntuj. Peb tau txhim kho cov polymers biodegradable no kom muab lub cog hniav muaj zog ib yam li pob txha ntuj". Rosling tau sau tseg tias cov iav fibers ArcBiox qib kho mob nrog kev ntxiv ABM tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov polymers biodegradable PLLA los ntawm 200% txog 500%.
Yog li ntawd, ABM Composite cov khoom cog rau hauv pob txha muaj kev ua tau zoo dua li cov khoom cog rau hauv pob txha uas ua los ntawm cov polymers uas tsis muaj zog, thaum tseem tuaj yeem nqus tau thiab txhawb kev tsim pob txha thiab kev loj hlob. ABM Composite kuj siv cov txheej txheem tso fiber/strand kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev taw qhia fiber zoo tshaj plaws, suav nrog kev tso cov fibers raws tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom cog rau hauv pob txha, nrog rau kev tso cov fibers ntxiv rau ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj zog.
Cov ntawv thov hauv tsev neeg thiab kev siv tshuab
Nrog nws cov chaw ua lag luam kho mob uas loj hlob zuj zus, ABM Composite lees paub tias cov polymers bio-based thiab biodegradable kuj tseem siv tau rau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, cov riam thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev. "Cov polymers biodegradable no feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv tsis zoo piv rau cov yas roj av." Rosling hais tias, "Tab sis peb tuaj yeem txhawb cov ntaub ntawv no nrog peb cov iav fibers biodegradable, ua rau lawv zoo li lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov yas lag luam fossil rau ntau yam kev siv tshuab."
Yog li ntawd, ABM Composite tau nce nws chav ua lag luam kev txawj ntse, uas tam sim no ntiav 60 tus neeg. "Peb muab cov kev daws teeb meem kawg ntawm lub neej (EOL) uas ruaj khov dua." Rosling hais tias, "Peb qhov kev pom zoo tseem ceeb yog muab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas lwj tau no rau hauv kev ua haujlwm composting hauv kev lag luam uas lawv tig mus ua av." E-iav ib txwm muaj inert thiab yuav tsis lwj hauv cov chaw composting no.
ArcBiox Fiber Composites
ABM Composite tau tsim ntau hom ArcBiox X4/5 iav fibers rau kev siv sib xyaw, los ntawmcov fibers luv luvthiab cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj molding raucov fibers txuas ntxiv musrau cov txheej txheem xws li textile thiab pultrusion molding. Cov ArcBiox BSGF sib xyaw ua ke cov iav fibers biodegradable nrog cov bio-based polyester resins thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov qib thev naus laus zis dav dav thiab ArcBiox 5 qib tau pom zoo rau kev siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov kov zaub mov.
ABM Composite kuj tau tshawb nrhiav ntau yam khoom siv biodegradable thiab bio-based polymers suav nrog Polylactic Acid (PLA), PLLA thiab Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog X4/5 iav fibers tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo li cas los sib tw nrog cov qauv iav fiber reinforced polymers xws li polypropylene (PP) thiab txawm tias polyamide 6 (PA6).
ABM Composite kuj tau tshawb nrhiav ntau yam khoom siv biodegradable thiab bio-based polymers, suav nrog Polylactic Acid (PLA), PLLA thiab Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog X4/5 iav fibers tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo li cas los sib tw nrog cov qauv iav fiber reinforced polymers xws li polypropylene (PP) thiab txawm tias polyamide 6 (PA6).
Kev Ruaj Khov & Kev Ua Kom Puv Ntoob
Yog tias cov khoom sib xyaw no lwj tau, lawv yuav kav ntev npaum li cas? "Peb cov iav X4/5 tsis yaj hauv tsib feeb lossis ib hmos ib yam li qab zib, thiab thaum lawv cov khoom yuav lwj mus raws sijhawm, nws yuav tsis pom tseeb." Rosling hais tias, "Yuav kom lwj tau zoo, peb xav tau qhov kub thiab txias siab dua ntev, zoo li pom hauv vivo lossis hauv cov compost industrial. Piv txwv li, peb tau sim cov khob thiab cov tais ua los ntawm peb cov khoom siv ArcBiox BSGF, thiab lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus txog li 200 lub voj voog ntxuav tais diav yam tsis poob kev ua haujlwm. Muaj qee qhov kev lwj ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab, tab sis tsis yog mus txog qhov uas cov khob tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb siv".
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas thaum cov khoom sib xyaw no raug pov tseg thaum kawg ntawm lawv lub neej siv tau, lawv ua tau raws li cov qauv kev cai rau kev ua composting, thiab ABM Composite tau ua ntau qhov kev sim los ua pov thawj tias nws ua tau raws li cov qauv no. "Raws li cov qauv ISO (rau kev ua composting hauv kev lag luam), kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum tshwm sim hauv 6 lub hlis thiab kev puas tsuaj hauv 3 lub hlis / 90 hnub". Rosling hais tias, "Kev puas tsuaj txhais tau tias muab cov qauv kuaj / khoom tso rau hauv biomass lossis compost. tom qab 90 hnub, tus kws tshaj lij tshuaj xyuas cov biomass siv lub sieve. tom qab 12 lub lis piam, tsawg kawg 90 feem pua ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum muaj peev xwm dhau los ntawm 2 hli × 2 hli sieve".
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib tsoo cov khoom siv tshiab ua hmoov thiab ntsuas tag nrho cov CO2 uas tso tawm tom qab 90 hnub. Qhov no ntsuas seb cov pa roj carbon ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov txheej txheem composting tau hloov mus ua dej, biomass thiab CO2. "Yuav kom dhau qhov kev xeem composting hauv kev lag luam, 90 feem pua ntawm theoretical 100 feem pua CO2 los ntawm cov txheej txheem composting yuav tsum tau ua tiav (raws li cov pa roj carbon)".
Rosling hais tias ABM Composite tau ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom lwj thiab lwj hauv lub cev, thiab kev sim tau qhia tias qhov ntxiv nws cov iav fiber X4 yeej ua rau lub cev lwj hauv lub cev (saib cov lus saum toj no), uas tsuas yog 78% rau cov khoom sib xyaw PLA uas tsis muaj zog, piv txwv li. Nws piav qhia tias, "Txawm li cas los xij, thaum peb cov iav fiber biodegradable 30% tau ntxiv, kev lwj hauv lub cev nce mus txog 94%, thaum cov nqi lwj tseem zoo".
Yog li ntawd, ABM Composite tau ua pov thawj tias nws cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tau ntawv pov thawj tias yog cov khoom lwj tau raws li EN 13432. Cov kev sim uas nws cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau mus txog niaj hnub no suav nrog ISO 14855-1 rau qhov kawg aerobic biodegradability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tswj composting, ISO 16929 rau aerobic tswj decomposition, ISO DIN EN 13432 rau cov kev cai tshuaj lom neeg, thiab OECD 208 rau kev sim phytotoxicity, ISO DIN EN 13432.
CO2 tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua composting
Thaum lub sijhawm ua composting, CO2 yeej raug tso tawm, tab sis qee qhov tseem nyob hauv av thiab tom qab ntawd cov nroj tsuag siv. Kev ua composting tau kawm txog ntau xyoo lawm, ob qho tib si ua ib qho txheej txheem kev lag luam thiab ua ib qho txheej txheem tom qab composting uas tso tawm CO2 tsawg dua li lwm txoj hauv kev pov tseg pov tseg, thiab kev ua composting tseem suav tias yog ib qho txheej txheem uas zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide.
Kev ua rau lub ntiaj teb tsis zoo suav nrog kev sim cov biomass uas tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua composting thiab cov nroj tsuag uas cog nrog cov biomass no. "Qhov no yog kom paub tseeb tias kev ua composting cov khoom no tsis ua rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob puas tsuaj." Rosling hais. Tsis tas li ntawd, ABM Composite tau ua pov thawj tias nws cov ntaub ntawv ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua biodegradation hauv qab cov xwm txheej composting hauv tsev, uas kuj xav tau 90% biodegradation, tab sis dhau 12 lub hlis, piv rau lub sijhawm luv dua rau kev ua composting hauv kev lag luam.
Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, kev tsim khoom, cov nqi thiab kev loj hlob yav tom ntej
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ABM Composite siv rau ntau yam kev siv lag luam, tab sis ntau yam tsis tuaj yeem qhia tawm vim muaj kev pom zoo tsis pub lwm tus paub. "Peb xaj peb cov ntaub ntawv kom haum rau cov ntawv thov xws li khob, tais diav, tais diav, riam thiab cov thawv khaws khoom noj," Rosling hais tias, "tab sis lawv kuj siv ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov yas roj av hauv cov thawv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev loj. Tsis ntev los no, peb cov ntaub ntawv tau raug xaiv los siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom hauv cov tshuab loj uas yuav tsum tau hloov txhua 2-12 lub lis piam. Cov tuam txhab no tau lees paub tias los ntawm kev siv peb cov khoom siv fiber ntau X4, cov khoom siv kho tshuab no tuaj yeem ua tau nrog kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab kuj tuaj yeem lwj tau tom qab siv. Qhov no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo rau yav tom ntej vim tias cov tuam txhab no ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai tshiab ntawm ib puag ncig thiab CO2 emission.
Rosling ntxiv hais tias, "Kuj tseem muaj kev txaus siab rau kev siv peb cov fibers txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv ntau hom ntaub thiab cov nonwovens los ua cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam kev tsim kho. Peb kuj pom kev txaus siab rau kev siv peb cov fibers biodegradable nrog bio-based tab sis tsis biodegradable PA lossis PP thiab cov ntaub ntawv inert thermoset. "
Tam sim no, X4/5 fiberglass kim dua li E-iav, tab sis cov ntim tsim khoom kuj me me, thiab ABM Composite tab tom nrhiav ntau lub sijhawm los nthuav cov ntawv thov thiab pab txhawb kom nce mus txog 20,000 tonnes / xyoo thaum qhov kev thov loj hlob, uas kuj tseem yuav pab txo cov nqi. Txawm li ntawd los, Rosling hais tias hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom tau raws li kev ruaj khov thiab cov kev cai tshiab tsis tau raug txiav txim siab tag nrho. Lub caij no, qhov ceev ntawm kev txuag lub ntiaj teb tab tom loj hlob. "Lub zej zog twb tab tom thawb kom muaj ntau cov khoom siv bio-based." Nws piav qhia, "Muaj ntau yam kev txhawb siab los thawb cov thev naus laus zis rov ua dua tshiab, lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum txav mus sai dua ntawm qhov no thiab kuv xav tias lub zej zog tsuas yog yuav nce nws qhov kev thawb rau cov khoom siv bio-based yav tom ntej".
LCA thiab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Rosling hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ABM Composite txo cov pa roj av uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov thiab siv cov zog uas tsis rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm 50-60 feem pua ib kilogram. "Peb siv Environmental Footprint Database 2.0, cov ntaub ntawv GaBi uas tau lees paub, thiab LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) kev xam rau peb cov khoom raws li txoj kev qhia hauv ISO 14040 thiab ISO 14044".
"Tam sim no, thaum cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej voj voog, ntau lub zog xav tau los hlawv lossis pyrolyse cov khib nyiab sib xyaw thiab cov khoom EOL, thiab kev txiav thiab ua composting yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo, thiab nws yog ib qho ntawm cov lus pom zoo tseem ceeb uas peb muab, thiab peb tab tom muab ib hom kev siv rov qab tshiab." Rosling hais tias, "Peb cov fiberglass yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj uas twb muaj nyob hauv av. Yog li ntawd vim li cas ho tsis ua compost EOL composite composite, lossis yaj cov fibers los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas tsis lwj tom qab hlawv thiab siv lawv ua chiv? Qhov no yog kev xaiv rov ua dua tshiab ntawm kev txaus siab thoob ntiaj teb tiag tiag".
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