N'oge a nke mmepe teknụzụ ngwa ngwa, ngwakọta eriri carbon na-eme aha maka onwe ha n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihi arụmọrụ ha dị elu. Site na ngwa dị elu na mbara igwe ruo mkpa kwa ụbọchị nke ngwa egwuregwu, ngwakọta eriri carbon egosila nnukwu ikike. Agbanyeghị, iji kwadebe ngwakọta eriri carbon dị elu, ọgwụgwọ mkpali nkeeriri carbonbụ nzọụkwụ dị oke mkpa.
Foto microscope elektrọn elu nke eriri carbon
Eriri carbon, ihe e ji eriri arụ ọrụ nke ọma, nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-adọrọ adọrọ. Ọ bụ carbon ka e ji mee ya nke ukwuu ma nwee usoro eriri ogologo. Site n'echiche nke usoro elu, elu eriri carbon dị nro ma nwee obere otu ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na n'oge nkwadebe nke eriri carbon, carbonization dị elu na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka elu eriri carbon dị ka ọnọdụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ihe onwunwe elu a na-eweta ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka na nkwadebe nke ngwakọta eriri carbon.
Elu dị nro na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti eriri carbon na ihe matrix ghara ịdị ike. N'ịkwadebe ihe mejupụtara ya, ọ na-esiri ihe matrix ike ịmepụta njikọ siri ike n'elu nkeeriri carbon, nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ihe mejupụtara ya. Nke abụọ, enweghị otu ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-egbochi mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị n'etiti eriri carbon na ihe matrix. Nke a na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti ha abụọ dabere na mmetụta anụ ahụ, dị ka itinye igwe, wdg, nke na-adịghị akwụsi ike nke ọma ma na-adịkarị mfe nkewa mgbe a na-etinye ike mpụga.
Ihe osise eserese nke nkwado etiti nke ákwà eriri carbon site na nanotubes carbon
Iji dozie nsogbu ndị a, ọ dị mkpa ka a rụọ ọrụ iji mee ka eriri carbon rụọ ọrụ.eriri carbongosi mgbanwe dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ akụkụ.
Ọgwụgwọ mmeghari ahụ na-eme ka eriri carbon dịkwuo njọ. Site na oxidation kemịkalụ, ọgwụgwọ plasma na ụzọ ndị ọzọ, enwere ike ịcha obere olulu na oghere n'elu eriri carbon, na-eme ka elu ahụ sie ike. Elu a siri ike na-eme ka mpaghara kọntaktị dị n'etiti eriri carbon na ihe substrate dịkwuo elu, nke na-eme ka njikọ mekaniki dị n'etiti ha ka mma. Mgbe ejikọtara ihe matrix na eriri carbon, ọ ka mma itinye onwe ya n'ime usoro ndị a siri ike, na-emepụta njikọ siri ike karị.
Ọgwụgwọ mkpali ahụ nwere ike iweta ọtụtụ otu ọrụ mmeghachi omume n'elu eriri carbon. Ndị otu ọrụ ndị a nwere ike imeghachi omume na kemịkalụ na otu ọrụ kwekọrọ na ihe matrix iji mepụta njikọ kemịkalụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụgwọ oxidation nwere ike iwebata otu hydroxyl, otu carboxyl na otu ọrụ ndị ọzọ n'elu eriri carbon, nke nwere ike imeghachi omume naepoxyotu dị na resin matrix na ihe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta njikọ covalent. Ike nke njikọ kemịkalụ a dị elu karịa nke njikọ anụ ahụ, nke na-eme ka ike njikọ dị n'etiti eriri carbon na ihe matrix dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu.
Ike elu nke eriri carbon a na-arụ ọrụ na-abawanye nke ukwuu. Mmụba nke ike elu na-eme ka ọ dịrị eriri carbon mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri site na ihe matrix, si otú a na-eme ka mgbasa na ịbanye nke ihe matrix dị n'elu eriri carbon dị mfe. N'usoro ịkwadebe ihe mejupụtara, enwere ike kesaa ihe matrix ahụ nke ọma gburugburu eriri carbon iji mepụta usoro dị oke arọ. Nke a abụghị naanị na ọ na-eme ka ihe mejupụtara ya ka mma, kamakwa ọ na-eme ka ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ya ka mma, dị ka iguzogide nchara na nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ.
Eriri carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ uru maka nkwadebe nke ngwakọta eriri carbon.
Banyere ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ, ike njikọ dị n'etiti ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụeriri carbona na-emekwa ka ihe matrix ahụ ka mma nke ukwuu, nke na-eme ka ihe ndị mejupụtara ya nwee ike ibufe nrụgide ka mma mgbe a na-etinye ha n'okpuru ike mpụga. Nke a pụtara na ihe ndị mejupụtara ya dị ka ike na modulus ka mma nke ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọhịa aerospace, nke chọrọ ihe ndị mejupụtara ya dị elu nke ukwuu, akụkụ ụgbọelu e ji ihe mejupụtara ya mee ka carbon fiber rụọ ọrụ nwere ike iguzogide ibu ụgbọ elu ka ukwuu ma melite nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi nke ụgbọelu ahụ. N'ọhịa nke ihe egwuregwu, dị ka fremu ígwè, klọb golf, wdg, ihe mejupụtara ya nwere ike inye ike na ike ka mma, ebe ọ na-ebelata ibu ma na-eme ka ahụmịhe ndị egwuregwu ka mma.
Maka iguzogide nchara, n'ihi ntinye nke otu ọrụ mmeghachi omume n'elu eriri carbon arụ ọrụ, otu ọrụ ndị a nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ kemịkalụ kwụsiri ike na ihe matrix, si otú a na-eme ka iguzogide nchara nke ihe mejupụtara dịkwuo mma. N'ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike, dịka gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, wdg, a na-eme ka ọ rụọ ọrụihe mejupụtara eriri carbonnwere ike iguzogide mmebi nke ihe mgbasa ozi na-emebi emebi nke ọma ma gbasaa ndụ ọrụ. Nke a dị oke mkpa maka ụfọdụ akụrụngwa na ihe owuwu ejiri mee ihe n'ebe siri ike ruo ogologo oge.
Maka nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, njikọ dị mma n'etiti eriri carbon a na-arụ ọrụ na ihe matrix nwere ike ime ka nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ nke ihe mejupụtara ya ka mma. N'okpuru gburugburu okpomọkụ dị elu, ihe mejupụtara ya nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe njirimara igwe ka mma na nkwụsi ike nha, ha anaghịkwa enwe ike ịgbanwe agbanwe na mmebi. Nke a na-eme ka ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nwee atụmanya ngwa sara mbara na ngwa okpomọkụ dị elu, dị ka akụkụ injin ụgbọ ala na akụkụ njedebe ọkụ nke injin ụgbọelu.
Maka arụmọrụ nhazi, eriri carbon a na-arụ ọrụ emeela ka ọrụ elu dịkwuo elu ma kwekọọ na ihe matrix ahụ nke ọma. Nke a na-eme ka ọ dịrị ihe matrix mfe ịbanye ma gwọọ n'elu eriri carbon ahụ n'oge nkwadebe nke ihe mejupụtara ya, si otú a na-eme ka arụmọrụ nhazi na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa dịkwuo mma. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-emekwa ka nhazi nke ihe mejupụtara eriri carbon a na-arụ ọrụ dịkwuo mma, na-enye ohere ka a hazie ha maka ngwa dị iche iche ma mezuo ọtụtụ ihe achọrọ maka injinia dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ya mere, ọgwụgwọ mkpali nkeeriri carbonbụ njikọ dị mkpa n'ịkwadebe ngwakọta eriri carbon dị elu. Site na ọgwụgwọ mkpali, enwere ike imeziwanye nhazi elu nke eriri carbon iji mee ka ọ dị nro karịa elu, webata otu ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, ma melite ike elu, ka o wee melite ike njikọ dị n'etiti eriri carbon na ihe matrix, ma tọọ ntọala maka nkwadebe nke ngwakọta eriri carbon nwere nnukwu ihe eji arụ ọrụ, iguzogide nchara, nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ na arụmọrụ nhazi. Site na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke sayensị na teknụzụ, a kwenyere na teknụzụ mkpali eriri carbon ga-anọgide na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ ma na-etolite, na-enye nkwado siri ike maka ojiji sara mbara nke ngwakọta eriri carbon.
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Oge ozi: Sep-04-2024