(I) Te ariā okapia epoxy
Ko te kapia epoxy e pā ana ki te hanganga mekameka polymer kei roto i ngā rōpū epoxy e rua, neke atu rānei i roto i ngā pūhui polymer, no te kapia thermosetting, ko te kapia māngai ko te kapia epoxy momo bisphenol A.
(II) Ngā āhuatanga o ngā kapia epoxy (e kiia ana ko ngā kapia epoxy momo bisphenol A)
1. He iti rawa te uara tono mō te kapia epoxy takitahi, me whakamahi tahi me te kaihoko whakamaroke kia whai hua ai.
2. Te kaha o te here: ko te kaha o te here o te piripiri kapia epoxy kei mua i ngā piripiri hangai.
3. He iti te mimiti o te whakapiripiri, ko te mimiti o te whakapiripiri i roto i te kapia epoxy te mea iti rawa, ko tētahi o ngā take he nui te mimiti o te whakapiripiri kapia epoxy.
4. He ātete matū pai: kāore e ngāwari te memeha o te rōpū ether, te mowhiti benzene me te rōpū hydroxyl aliphatic i roto i te pūnaha whakamaroke i te waikawa me te kawakore. I roto i te wai moana, te hinu, te hinu kerosene, 10% H2SO4, 10% HCl, 10% HAc, 10% NH3, 10% H3PO4 me te 30% Na2CO3 mō ngā tau e rua; ā, i roto i te 50% H2SO4 me te 10% HNO3 rumakina ki te pāmahana rūma mō te haurua tau; 10% NaOH (100 ℃) rumakina mō te kotahi marama, kāore e rerekē te mahi.
5. He pai te ārai hiko: ka nui ake te ngaohiko pakaru o te kapia epoxy i te 35kv/mm. 6. He pai te mahi tukanga, he pumau te rahi o te hua, he pai te ātete, ā, he iti te mimiti wai. He pai ngā painga o te kapia epoxy momo-Bisphenol A, engari he ngoikoretanga anō hoki: ①. He matotoru mahi, he āhua uaua ki te hanga. ②. He pakarukaru te rauemi kua rongoatia, he iti te roa. ③. He iti te kaha o te kiri. ④. He ngoikore te ātete ki te ru miihini me te wera.
(III) te tono me te whanaketanga okapia epoxy
1. Te hītori whanaketanga o te kapia epoxy: i tonohia te kapia epoxy mō te patent Swiss e P.Castam i te tau 1938, ko te piripiri epoxy tuatahi i whakawhanakehia e Ciba i te tau 1946, ā, i whakawhanakehia te paninga epoxy e SOCreentee o te USA i te tau 1949, ā, i tīmata te hanga ahumahi o te kapia epoxy i te tau 1958.
2. Te Whakamahinga o te kapia epoxy: ① Te umanga paninga: Ko te kapia epoxy te mea nui rawa atu mō ngā paninga wai, ā, he whānui ake te whakamahinga o ngā paninga paura me ngā paninga totoka teitei. Ka taea te whakamahi whānuitia i roto i ngā ipu paipa, ngā motuka, ngā kaipuke, te rererangi, ngā hikohiko, ngā taonga takaro, ngā mahi toi me ētahi atu ahumahi. ② Te umanga hiko me te hikohiko: Ka taea te whakamahi i te piripiri kapia epoxy mō ngā rauemi whakamahana hiko, pērā i ngā whakatikatika, ngā whakawhiti, ngā hiri kohua; te hiri me te tiaki i ngā wāhanga hiko; ngā hua hikohiko, te whakamahana me te here; te hiri me te here o ngā pākahiko; ngā pūnga, ngā ātete, ngā inductors, te mata o te koroka. ③ Te whakapaipai koura, te mahi toi, te umanga taonga hākinakina: Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā tohu, ngā whakapaipai, ngā tohu hokohoko, ngā taputapu, ngā raketi, ngā taputapu hī ika, ngā taonga hākinakina, ngā mahi toi me ētahi atu hua. ④ Te umanga Optoelectronic: Ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakakī, te whakakī me te here o ngā rama-whakaputa rama (LED), ngā ngongo matihiko, ngā ngongo pika, ngā whakaaturanga hiko, ngā rama LED me ētahi atu hua. ⑤Ahumahi hanga: Ka whakamahia whānuitia hoki i roto i ngā rori, piriti, papa, hanganga maitai, hanganga, paninga pakitara, tāwharau, hanganga miihini, whakatikatika taonga tuku iho me ētahi atu ahumahi. ⑥ Ngā piripiri, ngā hiri me ngā mea honohono: pērā i ngā mata o te hau, ngā mahi ā-ringa, ngā uku, te karāhe me ētahi atu momo hononga i waenga i ngā matū, te pepa honohono muka waro, te hiri rauemi hiko iti me ētahi atu.
(IV) Ngā āhuatanga opiripiri kapia epoxy
1. Ko te piri kapia epoxy e hangai ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te kapia epoxy o te tukatuka anō, te whakarerekētanga rānei, kia rite ai ōna tawhā mahi ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake. Ko te tikanga, me whai matū whakaora anō hoki te piri kapia epoxy kia whakamahia, me whakaranu kia ōrite kia tino maroke ai. Ko te tikanga, e mōhiotia ana te piri kapia epoxy ko te kapia A, ko te matū matua rānei, ko te matū whakaora e mōhiotia ana ko te kapia B, ko te matū whakaora rānei (whakapakari).
2. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te piripiri kapia epoxy i mua i te whakamaroke ko: te tae, te matotoru, te taumaha motuhake, te ōwehenga, te wā tiēre, te wā e wātea ana, te wā whakamaroke, te thixotropy (te aukati i te rere), te pakeke, te taumahatanga mata me ētahi atu. Te matotoru (Matotoru): ko te ātete waku ā-roto o te colloid i roto i te rere, ko tōna uara ka whakatauhia e te momo matū, te pāmahana, te kukū me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
Wā tiēreKo te whakamaroke i te kāpia ko te tukanga whakawhiti mai i te wai ki te whakapakeketanga, mai i te tīmatanga o te tauhohenga o te kāpia ki te āhua tino nui o te tiēre e ahu whakamua ana ki te wā totoka mō te wā tiēre, e whakatauhia ana e te nui o te ranunga o te kāpia kapia epoxy, te pāmahana me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
Te TixotropyKo tēnei āhuatanga e pā ana ki te colloid e pāngia ana e ngā kaha o waho (te wiri, te whakaoho, te wiri, ngā ngaru ultrasonic, me ētahi atu), me te kaha o waho mai i te matotoru ki te angiangi, ina mutu te mahi a te colloid ki te taketake ina hoki te ōritetanga o te āhuatanga.
Te pakeketanga: e pā ana ki te ātete o te rauemi ki ngā kaha o waho pērā i te whakairo me te rakuraku. E ai ki ngā tikanga whakamātautau rerekē, ko te pakeke o Shore (Shore), te pakeke o Brinell (Brinell), te pakeke o Rockwell (Rockwell), te pakeke o Mohs (Mohs), te pakeke o Barcol (Barcol), te pakeke o Vickers (Vichers) me ētahi atu. Ko te uara o te pakeke me te momo whakamātautau pakeke e pā ana ki te whakamātautau pakeke e whakamahia whānuitia ana, he māmā te hanganga o te whakamātautau pakeke o Shore, he pai mō te tirotiro whakaputa, ka taea te wehewehe i te whakamātautau pakeke o Shore ki te momo A, te momo C, te momo D, te momo-A hei ine i te colloid ngohengohe, te momo C me te momo-D hei ine i te colloid āhua-mārō me te colloid mārō.
Te taumahatanga o te mataKo te kukume o ngā ngota i roto i te wai kia puta ai he kaha ki roto i ngā ngota i runga i te mata o te wai, mā tēnei kaha ka whakaitihia te horahanga o te mata o te wai, ā, ka hangaia he kaha e rite ana ki te mata, e mōhiotia ana ko te kume o te mata. Ko te kume tahi i waenga i ngā wāhanga e rua o te mata o te wai mō ia wae roa, he whakaaturanga tēnei o te kaha ngota. Ko te wae o te kume o te mata ko N/m. E pā ana te rahi o te kume o te mata ki te āhua, te parakore me te pāmahana o te wai.
3. te whakaata i ngā āhuatanga opiripiri kapia epoxyi muri i te whakamaroketanga ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko: te ātete, te ngaohiko, te mimiti wai, te kaha pēhi, te kaha kume (te kaha kume), te kaha kutikuti, te kaha kiri, te kaha pānga, te pāmahana whakapōturi wera, te pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe, te ahotea ā-roto, te ātete matū, te roa, te tauwehenga whakaheke, te kawe wera, te kawe hiko, te huarere, te ātete koroheketanga, me ētahi atu.
ĀteteWhakaahuahia ngā āhuatanga ātete rauemi, ko te tikanga he ātete mata, he ātete rōrahi rānei. Ko te ātete mata he mata kotahi i waenga i ngā irahiko e rua e inehia ana te uara ātete, ko te waeine ko Ω. Ka taea te tatau i te āhua o te irahiko me te uara ātete mā te whakakotahi i te ātete mata mō ia waeine horahanga. Ko te ātete rōrahi, e mōhiotia ana ko te ātete rōrahi, ko te tauwehenga ātete rōrahi, e pā ana ki te uara ātete mā te matotoru o te rauemi, he tohu nui hei whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga hiko o ngā rauemi dielectric, rauemi insulating rānei. He tohu nui hei whakaahua i ngā āhuatanga hiko o ngā rauemi dielectric, rauemi insulating rānei. Ko te ātete dielectric 1cm2 ki te ia turuturu, ko te waeine ko Ω-m, Ω-cm rānei. Ko te nui ake o te ātete, ko te pai ake o ngā āhuatanga insulating.
Ngaohiko whakamātautau: e mōhiotia ana ko te kaha o te ngaohiko ātete (kaha ārai), ko te teitei ake o te ngaohiko e tāpirihia ana ki ngā pito o te colloid, ko te nui ake o te utu i roto i te rauemi e pāngia ana e te kaha o te mara hiko, ko te nui ake o te tūponotanga ka whakaionihia te tukinga, ka hua ake te pakaru o te colloid. Ki te pakaru te insulator, ko te ngaohiko iti rawa e kiia ana ko te mea o te ngaohiko pakaru. Ki te pakaru te rauemi ārai 1 mm te matotoru, me tāpiri te ngaohiko kilovolts e kiia ana ko te kaha ngaohiko ātete rauemi ārai, e kiia ana ko te ngaohiko ātete, ko te waeine ko: Kv/mm. He hononga tata te rauemi ārai me te pāmahana. Ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana, ko te kino ake o te mahi ārai o te rauemi ārai. Hei whakarite i te kaha ārai, he pāmahana mahi mōrahi e whakaaetia ana mō ia rauemi ārai, i raro i tēnei pāmahana, ka taea te whakamahi haumaru mō te wā roa, ka tere te pakeke haere i runga ake i tēnei pāmahana.
Te mimiti waiHe ine tēnei mō te nui o te mimiti wai e tētahi rauemi. E pā ana ki te ōrau pikinga o te papatipu o tētahi matū e rumakina ana ki te wai mō tētahi wā i tētahi pāmahana.
Te kaha o te kumeKo te kaha kume ko te ahotea kume mōrahi ina totorohia te tiēre kia pakaru. E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te kaha kume, te kaha kume, te kaha kume, te kaha kume. Ko te waeine ko MPa.
Kaha kutikutiKo te kaha kutikuti e mōhiotia ana ko te kaha kutikuti, e pā ana ki te waeine ka taea e te rohe here te tu atu i te kawenga mōrahi e whakarara ana ki te rohe here, ko te waeine e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te MPa.
Kaha kiriKo te kaha kiri e mōhiotia ana ko te kaha pakaru mōrahi ka taea e ia whānui te tu atu, he ine i te kaha o te raina kaha, ko te waeine ko kN/m.
Te whakaroa: e pā ana ki te kōroiti i roto i te kaha kume i raro i te mahi a te roa o te pikinga o te roa taketake o te ōrau.
Te pāmahana whakapiko wera: e pā ana ki te ine i te ātete wera o te rauemi whakamaroke, he tauira rauemi whakamaroke e rumakina ana ki roto i tētahi momo reo whakawhiti wera isothermal e tika ana mō te whakawhiti wera, i roto i te kawenga piko pūmau o te momo kurupae tautokona noa, i inehia te tauira piko rerekētanga kia tae atu ki te uara kua tohua o te pāmahana, arā, te pāmahana piko wera, e kiia nei ko te pāmahana piko wera, HDT rānei.
Te pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe: e pā ana ki te rauemi kua rongoatia mai i te āhua karāhe ki te whakawhiti āhua kore-āhua, tino ngāwari, wai rānei (te ritenga kē rānei o te whakawhiti) o te awhe pāmahana whaiti o te pūwāhi waenga tata, e mōhiotia ana ko te pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te Tg, he tohu mō te ātete wera.
Te ōwehenga whakaheke: e tautuhia ana ko te ōrau o te ōwehenga o te whakahekenga ki te rahi i mua i te whakahekenga, ā, ko te whakahekenga te rerekētanga i waenga i te rahi i mua me muri i te whakahekenga.
Te ahotea ā-roto: e pā ana ki te ngaro o ngā kaha o waho, te kōroiti (rauemi) nā te mea he hapa, he huringa pāmahana, he whakarewa, me ētahi atu take mō te ahotea o roto.
Ātete matū: e pā ana ki te kaha ki te ātete ki ngā waikawa, ki ngā kawakore, ki ngā tote, ki ngā whakarewa me ētahi atu matū.
Ātete mura: e pā ana ki te kaha o te rauemi ki te ātete i te mura ina pā ki te mura, ki te aukati rānei i te haere tonu o te mura ina tawhiti atu i te mura.
Ātete huarere: e pā ana ki te pānga o te rā, te wera me te makariri, te hau me te ua me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te rangi ki ngā rauemi.
Te koroheketangaI roto i te tukatuka, te rokiroki me te whakamahinga o te tukanga, nā ngā āhuatanga o waho (te wera, te mārama, te hāora, te wai, ngā hihi, ngā kaha miihini me ngā rauemi matū, me ētahi atu), he raupapa o ngā huringa ā-tinana, matū rānei, kia pakarukaru ai te hononga o te rauemi polymer, kia piri ai, kia pakarukaru ai, kia rerekē ai te tae, kia pupuhi ai, kia kopikopiko ai te mata, kia pakarukaru ai, kia memeha haere ai ngā āhuatanga miihini, kia ngaro ai, kia kore ai e taea te whakamahi, ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga he koroheketanga. Ko tēnei āhuatanga he koroheketanga.
Pūmau whakapūmau hiko: e mōhiotia ana ko te tere capacitance, te tere i whakaohokia (Permittivity). E pā ana ki ia "rōrahi wae" o te mea, i roto i ia wae o te "pūngao pūmanawa" ka taea te penapena i te "pūngao hiko" (Electrostatic Energy) o te nui. Ina nui ake te "permeability" colloid (arā, ko te kino o te kounga), me te rua e tata ana ki te mahi waea, ka uaua ake te whakatutuki i te pānga o te whakamahana katoa, i ētahi atu kupu, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka puta he taumata turuturu. Nō reira, ko te pūmau dielectric o te rauemi whakamahana i te nuinga o te wā, ko te iti ake ko te pai. Ko te pūmau dielectric o te wai he 70, he iti rawa te makuku, ka puta he huringa nui.
4. te nuinga o ngāpiripiri kapia epoxyHe piripiri whakawera tēnei, ā, ko ēnei ōna āhuatanga matua: ka tere ake te whakamaroke ina teitei ake te pāmahana; ka tere ake te whakamaroke ina nui ake te ranunga o te nui; he āhua werawera te tukanga whakamaroke.
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