Bite se niba ibinyabutabire bya polymeri bya reinforced fibre (GFRP) bishobora gutegurwa mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwabyo, hiyongereyeho inyungu zagaragaye mu myaka myinshi yo kugabanya ibiro, gukomera no gukomera, kurwanya ingese no kuramba? Muri make, ibyo ni byo bikurura ikoranabuhanga rya ABM Composite.
Ikirahure gikora neza, insinga zikomeye cyane
Ikigo cya Arctic Biomaterials Oy (Tampere, muri Finlande) cyashinzwe mu 2014, cyakoze fibre y'ikirahure ishobora kubora ikozwe mu kirahure cyitwa bioactive, Ari Rosling, umuyobozi w'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere muri ABM Composite, avuga ko ari "uburyo bwihariye bwakozwe mu myaka ya 1960 bwemerera ikirahure kwangirika mu gihe cy'imiterere y'umubiri. Iyo kigeze mu mubiri, ikirahure gicikamo imyunyu ngugu igize ingirabuzimafatizo, kikarekura sodium, manyeziyumu, fosifate, nibindi, bityo bigatuma amagufwa akura neza."
"Ifite imiterere isa n'iyafibre y'ikirahure idafite alkali (E-glass).” Rosling yagize ati: “Ariko iki kirahure gikora ku mubiri kiragoye gukora no gukuramo imigozi, kandi kugeza ubu cyakoreshejwe gusa nk'ifu cyangwa puti. Uko tubizi, ABM Composite ni yo sosiyete ya mbere yakoze imigozi y'ibirahure ikomeye cyane mu rwego rw'inganda, kandi ubu turimo gukoresha iyi migozi y'ibirahure ya ArcBiox X4/5 kugira ngo dushimangire ubwoko butandukanye bwa pulasitiki, harimo na polymer zishobora kubora”.
Implants zo kwa muganga
Akarere ka Tampere, amasaha abiri mu majyaruguru ya Helsinki, muri Finlande, kabaye ikigo cy’ibinyabutabire bishobora kubora bishingiye ku binyabuzima mu bikorwa by’ubuvuzi kuva mu myaka ya 1980. Rosling asobanura agira ati: “Kimwe mu bikoresho bya mbere byashyizwe ku isoko byakozwe muri ibi bikoresho cyakorewe i Tampere, kandi ni ko ABM Composite yatangiye! Ubu ni ishami ryacu ry’ubucuruzi mu by’ubuvuzi”.
“Hari polymer nyinshi zishobora kubora kandi zishobora kunyagirwa n’ibimera zo gutera imiti.” Arakomeza agira ati: “ariko imiterere yazo y’ingufu ntabwo ari iy’igufwa karemano. Twashoboye kunoza izi polymer zishobora kubora kugira ngo duhe igufwa imbaraga nk’iz’igufwa karemano”. Rosling yavuze ko insinga z’ikirahure za ArcBiox zo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi hamwe no kongeramo ABM bishobora kunoza imiterere y’ingufu za polymer za PLLA zishobora kubora ku kigero cya 200% kugeza kuri 500%.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, implant za ABM Composite zitanga imikorere myiza kurusha implant zakozwe na polymer zidafite imbaraga, mu gihe kandi zishobora gukururwa n’ibinyabuzima kandi zigatuma amagufwa akura neza. ABM Composite ikoresha kandi tekiniki zo gushyira fibre/strand mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo irebe neza imiterere y’implant, harimo no gushyira fibre ku burebure bwose bw’implant, ndetse no gushyira fibre z’inyongera ahantu hashobora kuba hadakomeye.
Porogaramu zo mu rugo n'iz'ikoranabuhanga
Bitewe n’ishami ryayo rikora ubuvuzi, ABM Composite yemera ko polimeri zishingiye ku binyabuzima n’izibora zishobora no gukoreshwa mu bikoresho byo mu gikoni, mu bikoresho byo mu rugo no mu bindi bikoresho byo mu rugo. “Izi polimeri zibora ubusanzwe zifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukora ugereranije na pulasitiki zishingiye kuri peteroli.” Rosling yagize ati “Ariko dushobora kongeramo ibi bikoresho dukoresheje imigozi yacu y’ikirahure ibora, bigatuma biba nk’ubundi buryo bwiza bwo gusimbura pulasitiki zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bushingiye ku bisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima mu buryo butandukanye bwa tekiniki”.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ABM Composite yongereye ishami ryayo ry’ubucuruzi, ubu rikoresha abantu 60. “Dutanga ibisubizo birambye by’iherezo ry’ubuzima (EOL).” Rosling agira ati: “Icyifuzo cyacu ni ugushyira izi mvange zishobora kubora mu bikorwa byo gufumbira mu nganda aho zihinduka ubutaka.” Ikirahuri gakondo cya E-kirahure ntigikoreshwa kandi ntikizangirika muri izi nganda zo gufumbira.
Ibikoresho bya ArcBiox Fibre
ABM Composite yakoze ubwoko butandukanye bw'imigozi y'ikirahure ya ArcBiox X4/5 yo gukoreshwa mu buryo buvanze, uhereye kuriinsinga ngufin'ibinyabutabire byo gushushanya inshinge kugira ngoinsinga zikomezaku bikorwa nko gushushanya imyenda no gushushanya. Ubwoko bwa ArcBiox BSGF buhuza imigozi y'ikirahure ishobora kubora n'amaresini ya polyester ashingiye kuri bio kandi buboneka mu byiciro rusange by'ikoranabuhanga na ArcBiox 5 byemewe gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byo guhuza ibiryo.
ABM Composite kandi yakoze ubushakashatsi ku bwoko butandukanye bwa polymers zishobora kubora n’izishingiye ku binyabuzima harimo aside polylactic (PLA), PLLA na Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza uburyo fibres za X4/5 zishobora kunoza imikorere kugira ngo zihangane na polymers zisanzwe zishimangirwa na fibre y’ikirahure nka polypropylene (PP) ndetse na polyamide 6 (PA6).
ABM Composite kandi yakoze ubushakashatsi ku bwoko butandukanye bwa polymers zishobora kubora n’izishingiye ku binyabuzima, harimo aside polylactic (PLA), PLLA na Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza uburyo imigozi y’ikirahure ya X4/5 ishobora kunoza imikorere kugira ngo ihangane na polymers zisanzwe zishimangirwa na fibre y’ikirahure nka polypropylene (PP) ndetse na polyamide 6 (PA6).
Kuramba no Gukomera
Niba ibi binyabutabire bishobora kubora, bizamara igihe kingana iki? “Ikirahure cyacu cya X4/5 ntigishonga mu minota itanu cyangwa nijoro nk'uko isukari ibikora, kandi nubwo imiterere yabyo izagabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita, ntabwo bizaba bigaragara cyane.” Rosling agira ati: “Kugira ngo twonone neza, dukeneye ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe mu gihe kirekire, nk'uko biboneka mu bidukikije cyangwa mu byumba by'ifumbire mvaruganda. Urugero, twagerageje ibikombe n'amabakure byakozwe mu bikoresho byacu bya ArcBiox BSGF, kandi byashoboraga kwihanganira imikorere igera kuri 200 yo koza amasahani nta gutakaza imikorere. Hari ukwangirika kw'imiterere y'imashini, ariko ntibigeze ku rwego rwo gutuma ibikombe bitagira umutekano wo kubikoresha”.
Ariko, ni ngombwa ko iyo ibi binyabutabire bijugunywe mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwabyo, byujuje ibisabwa bisabwa mu gukora ifumbire, kandi ABM Composite yakoze ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo yemeze ko byujuje ibi bipimo. “Dukurikije ibipimo bya ISO (by’ifumbire y’inganda), kwangirika kw’ibinyabuzima bigomba kubaho mu mezi 6 no kubora mu mezi 3/iminsi 90”. Rosling agira ati: “Kubora bivuze gushyira icyitegererezo cy’ikizamini/umusaruro mu binyabutabire cyangwa ifumbire y’imborera. Nyuma y’iminsi 90, umutekinisiye asuzuma ibinyabutabire akoresheje akayunguruzo. Nyuma y’ibyumweru 12, nibura 90% by’umusaruro ugomba kuba ushobora kunyura mu kayunguruzo ka 2 mm × 2 mm”.
Kwangirika kw'ibinyabuzima bigaragazwa no gusya ibintu byakuwemo ifu no gupima ingano yose ya CO2 isohoka nyuma y'iminsi 90. Ibi bipima ingano ya karuboni mu gikorwa cyo gufumbira ifu ihinduka amazi, biomass na CO2. “Kugira ngo umuntu atsinde ikizamini cyo gufumbira ifumbire mvaruganda, 90% bya CO2 100% by'amahame agenga ifumbire mvaruganda bigomba kugerwaho (hashingiwe ku bipimo bya karuboni)”.
Rosling avuga ko ABM Composite yujuje ibisabwa mu kubora no kubora, kandi ibizamini byagaragaje ko kongeramo fibre yayo ya X4 mu by’ukuri byongera kubora (reba imbonerahamwe iri hejuru), ari 78% gusa ku mvange ya PLA idakomejwe, urugero. Asobanura ati: "Ariko, ubwo insinga zacu za 30% z’ibirahuri bishobora kubora byongerwagaho, kubora byariyongereye bigera kuri 94%, mu gihe igipimo cyo kwangirika cyakomeje kuba cyiza".
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ABM Composite yagaragaje ko ibikoresho byayo bishobora kwemezwa ko bishobora guhingwa nk'ifumbire mvaruganda hakurikijwe EN 13432. Ibizamini ibikoresho byayo byatsinze kugeza ubu birimo ISO 14855-1 ku bijyanye no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho mu buryo bwa aerobic munsi y'imiterere yagenwe yo guhingwa, ISO 16929 ku bijyanye no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho mu buryo bwa aerobic, ISO DIN EN 13432 ku bijyanye n'ibisabwa mu buvuzi, na OECD 208 ku bijyanye no gupima uburozi bw'ibimera, ISO DIN EN 13432.
CO2 yarekuwe mu gihe cyo gukora ifumbire mvaruganda
Mu gihe cyo gufumbira, CO2 irarekurwa, ariko imwe isigara mu butaka hanyuma igakoreshwa n'ibimera. Gufumbira bimaze imyaka myinshi byigwa, haba mu nganda ndetse no mu gihe cyo gufumbira nyuma yo gufumbira bisohora CO2 nkeya ugereranyije n'izindi myanda, kandi gufumbira biracyafatwa nk'inzira itangiza ibidukikije kandi ikagabanya karubone.
Uburozi bushingiye ku bidukikije burimo gupima ibimera bikorerwa mu gihe cyo gufumbira no mu bimera bihingwa hamwe n’iyi biomass. Rosling yagize ati: “Ibi ni ukugira ngo hamenyekane ko gufumbira ibi bimera bitangiza ibimera bikura.” Byongeye kandi, ABM Composite yagaragaje ko ibikoresho byayo byujuje ibisabwa mu kwangirika kw’ibimera mu gihe cyo gufumbira mu rugo, nabyo bisaba kwangirika kwa 90%, ariko mu gihe cy’amezi 12, ugereranije n’igihe gito cyo gufumbira mu nganda.
Ikoreshwa mu nganda, umusaruro, ikiguzi n'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Ibikoresho bya ABM Composite bikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’ubucuruzi, ariko byinshi ntibishobora kugaragazwa bitewe n’amasezerano y’ibanga. Rosling agira ati: “Dutumiza ibikoresho byacu bihuye n’ibikoreshwa nk’ibikombe, amasahani, amasahani, ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibiribwa n’ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibiribwa, ariko binakoreshwa nk’ubundi buryo bwo gusimbura plastiki ishingiye kuri peteroli mu bikoresho byo kwisiga n’ibikoresho binini byo mu rugo. Vuba aha, ibikoresho byacu byatoranijwe gukoreshwa mu gukora ibice mu bikoresho binini by’inganda bigomba gusimburwa buri byumweru 2-12. Ibi bigo byabonye ko binyuze mu gukoresha fibre yacu ya X4, ibi bice bya mashini bishobora gukorwa bifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kandi bikaba byanakoreshwa mu ifumbire nyuma yo kubikoresha. Iki ni igisubizo gikurura mu gihe cya vuba kuko ibi bigo bihanganye n’ikibazo cyo kubahiriza amabwiriza mashya agenga ibidukikije n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya CO2”.
Rosling yongeyeho ati: “Hari kandi ubushake bwo gukoresha imigozi yacu ihoraho mu bwoko butandukanye bw'imyenda n'imyenda idafunze kugira ngo hakorwe ibice by'inyubako mu nganda z'ubwubatsi. Turimo kandi ubushake bwo gukoresha imigozi yacu ibora hamwe n'ibikoresho bya PA cyangwa PP bidafite ubushobozi bwo kubora hamwe n'ibikoresho bya thermoset bidapfa kwangirika.”
Muri iki gihe, fiberglass ya X4/5 irahenze kurusha E-glass, ariko ingano y'umusaruro nayo ni ntoya, kandi ABM Composite irimo gukurikirana amahirwe menshi yo kwagura ikoreshwa no koroshya izamuka rya toni 20.000 ku mwaka uko icyifuzo kigenda cyiyongera, ibyo bikaba byanafasha mu kugabanya ikiguzi. Nubwo bimeze bityo, Rosling avuga ko akenshi ikiguzi kijyanye no kubahiriza uburambe n'amabwiriza mashya ntabwo cyatekerejweho neza. Hagati aho, kwihutisha kurokora isi biri kwiyongera. “Umuryango usanzwe urimo utera inkunga ibicuruzwa byinshi bishingiye ku binyabuzima.” Arasobanura ati: “Hari byinshi bitera imbaraga zo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera ibikoresho, isi igomba kwihuta kuri ibi kandi ndatekereza ko umuryango uzongera imbaraga zawo ku bicuruzwa bishingiye ku binyabuzima mu gihe kizaza”.
LCA n'akamaro k'iterambere rirambye
Rosling avuga ko ibikoresho bya ABM Composite bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no gukoresha ingufu zidasubira ku kigero cya 50-60 ku ijana kuri kilo. “Dukoresha Environmental Footprint Database 2.0, amakuru yemewe ya GaBi, hamwe n’ibarura rya LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) ku bicuruzwa byacu hashingiwe ku buryo bwavuzwe muri ISO 14040 na ISO 14044”.
“Kuri ubu, iyo ibintu bivanze bigeze ku iherezo ry’ubuzima bwabyo, hakenerwa ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo hatwikwe cyangwa hakongerwe imyanda ivanze n’ibikomoka kuri EOL, kandi gushwanyaguza no gufumbira ni amahitamo meza, kandi nta gushidikanya ko ari kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi dutanga, kandi turimo gutanga ubwoko bushya bwo kongera gukoreshwa.” Rosling agira ati: “Fibreglass yacu ikozwe mu bintu bisanzwe by’ubutare biri mu butaka. None se kuki tutakoresha ibikoresho bivanze bya EOL, cyangwa tugashonga insinga zivuye mu bintu bivanze bitabora nyuma yo gutwikwa tukabikoresha nk’ifumbire? Ubu ni uburyo bwo kongera gukoreshwa bufite inyungu nyayo ku isi”.
Shanghai Orisen New Material Technology Co., Ltd
M: +86 18683776368 (na WhatsApp)
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Email: grahamjin@jhcomposites.com
Aderesi: NO.398 Umuhanda Mushya w'Ikinyomoro Umujyi wa Xinbang Akarere ka Songjiang, Shanghai
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2024