Gukoresha fibre ya karuboni mu byuma bihindura ikirere bigiye gukura cyane

Ku ya 24 Kamena, Astute Analytica, inzobere mu by’isesengura n’ubujyanama ku isi, yasohoye isesengura ry’i ...fibre ya karuboniRaporo ya 2024-2032 ivuga ko isoko ry’insinga za turbine rotor ku isi yose ringana na miliyoni 4,392 z’amadolari mu 2023, mu gihe byitezwe ko rizagera kuri miliyoni 15,904 z’amadolari mu 2032, rikagira agaciro ka 15.37% mu gihe cy’iteganyagihe cya 2024-2032.

Ingingo z'ingenzi za raporo zijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwafibre ya karuboniMu blade za turbine y'umuyaga harimo ibice bikurikira:

• Ukurikije akarere, isoko ry’ingufu za karubone muri Aziya na Pasifika ni ryo rinini mu 2023, rikaba ringana na 59.9%;
• Ukurikije ingano y'icyuma cya turbine y'umuyaga, fibre ya karuboni ifite igipimo kinini cya 38.4% mu bunini bwa metero 51-75;
• Ukurikije ibice bikoreshwa, igipimo cy'ikoreshwa rya fibre ya karuboni mu gipfundikizo cy'umuraba w'ibaba rya turbine y'umuyaga kiri hejuru cyane ku kigero cya 61.2%.

Ibyerekezo by'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ibyuma bya turbine y'umuyaga mu myaka ya vuba aha birimo:

1. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda: iterambere rihoraho mu mikorere y'ibikomoka kuri fibre ya karubone n'imiterere y'ibikoresho;
2. Uburebure bw'icyuma cyongera: icyifuzo cy'icyuma kirekire kandi cyoroheje kirimo kwiyongera kugira ngo hongerwe ingufu n'imikorere myiza;
3. Iterambere ry'isoko mu karere: bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ingufu zikenewe na politiki zo gushyigikira leta, isoko mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika ryagutse cyane.

Imbogamizi zikomeye cyane mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryafibre ya karuboniMu blade za turbine y'umuyaga harimo ibi bikurikira:

1. Ibiciro by'ishoramari ry'ibanze biri hejuru: gukora fibre ya karubone no kuyishyira muri turbine z'umuyaga bisaba imari ihagije;
2. Uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo kubikoresha, bisaba ko habaho ibikoresho byiza bya fibre ya karuboni buri gihe;
3. Imbogamizi mu bya tekiniki n'inganda: imbogamizi mu kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ikiguzi kugira ngo bihangane n'ibikoresho gakondo nk'ibirahure.

Hafi 45% by'ibyuma bishya bya turbine y'umuyaga byubatswe mu 2024 bikozwe murifibre ya karuboni, kandi 70% by'ibikoresho bishya by'umuyaga biri mu bwato muri 2023 bikoresha ibyuma bya fibre ya karuboni

Ubushobozi bwose bw’amashanyarazi bushyirwa ku isi burenze 1 TW mu 2023. Uku kwaguka kwihuta gushimangira uruhare runini rw’inganda mu guteza imbere ibisubizo by’ingufu zisubira mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kandi kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bituma iterambere ryayo rizamuka ni ukwiyongera k’ubukene bw’ibikoresho bikora neza kandi biramba mu bwubatsi bwa turbine z’umuyaga, cyane cyane fibre ya karuboni ikoreshwa mu blade za rotor.

Imiterere myiza y’ibikoresho bya fibre ya karuboni ugereranije n’ibirahure gakondo ni yo ituma umubare w’abakenera fibre ya karuboni wiyongera.insinga za karuboniku byuma bya rotor bya turbine y'umuyaga. Fibre ya karuboni ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cy'imbaraga hagati y'uburemere, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere no kuramba kwa turbine z'umuyaga. Hafi 45% by'ibyuma bishya bya rotor byakozwe mu 2024 byakozwe hakoreshejwe fibre ya karuboni, ubwiyongere bwa 10% ugereranije n'umwaka ushize. Iyi ngendo iterwa no gukenera gukora turbine nini kandi zikora neza zishobora gutanga umusaruro mwinshi; mu by'ukuri, ubushobozi mpuzandengo bwa turbine bwazamutse bugera kuri megawati 4.5 (MW), ubwiyongere bwa 15 ku ijana ugereranije na 2022.

Isesengura ryimbitse rya Astute Analytica ku isoko ry’insinga za karuboni mu byuma by’umuyaga rigaragaza imibare myinshi y’ingenzi igaragaza icyerekezo cyo kwiyongera kwa fibre ya karuboni muri iki gice. Ikigaragara ni uko ubushobozi bw’ingufu z’umuyaga ku isi bwageze kuri 1.008 GW, ubwiyongere bwa 73 GW mu 2023 gusa. Hafi 70% by’ibikoresho bishya by’umuyaga mu mazi mu 2023 (byose hamwe ni 20 GW) bikoresha insinga za karuboni bitewe n’uko zirwanya cyane ibidukikije bibi byo mu nyanja. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa rya fibre ya karuboni ryagaragaye ko ryongera igihe cyo kubaho kw’insinga ku kigero cya 30% no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ku kigero cya 25%, ikintu cy’ingenzi ku bafatanyabikorwa mu nganda bagamije kunoza imikorere myiza.

Byongeye kandi, ingamba za politiki n'amabwiriza ya leta yo kugera ku ibura ry'ingufu zikomoka ku mwuka mubi bitarenze umwaka wa 2050 byihutishije ishoramari mu kuvugurura imirima y'umuyaga isanzweho, aho 50% by'imishinga yo kongera gutunganya amashanyarazi mu 2023 ikubiyemo gusimbuza ibyuma bya fiberglass n'ibindi bikoresho bya fiber carbone.

Imigozi y'umwuka ya fibre ya karuboni ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere ya turbine y'umuyaga, aho 70% by'ibyuma bishya bya turbine y'umuyaga byitezwe ko bizaba bifite imigozi y'umwuka ya fibre ya karuboni bitarenze 2028.

Bitewe n'imbaraga zidasanzwe n'uburambe bw'udupfundikizo twa fibre ya karuboni, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kofibre ya karuboniImigozi ya spar ishobora kunoza imikorere y'icyuma kugeza kuri 20%, bigatuma ibyuma birebire bifatwa kandi bigafata ingufu nyinshi. Imigozi ya spar ya fibre ya karuboni yagize uruhare runini mu kwiyongera kwa 30% mu burebure bw'icyuma cy'umuyaga mu myaka icumi ishize.

Indi mpamvu yo gukoreshafibre ya karuboniImigozi ya spar mu blades za turbine y'umuyaga ni uko igabanya uburemere bw'icyuma ku kigero cya 25%, ibi bikaba bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho n'ubwikorezi. Byongeye kandi, igihe cyo kurambirwa cy'icyuma cya spar cap cya fibre ya karuboni kiri hejuru ya 50% ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe, ibi bikaba bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no kongera igihe cyo kuzima cya turbine.

Mu gihe inganda z’umuyaga zikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo zigere ku ntego mpuzamahanga z’ingufu zisubira, ikoreshwa ry’amababa y’ibice bya karubone n’ibice bya spar biziyongera cyane. Biteganyijwe ko 70% by’ibyuma bishya bya turbine y’umuyaga bizaba bifite ibice bya spar bya karubone bitarenze 2028, ugereranije na 45% muri 2023. Iyi mpinduka yitezweho gutuma turbine irushaho kwiyongera ku kigero cya 22%. Kubera iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya turbine ya karubone ryongera imbaraga z’ibikoresho ku kigero cya 10 ku ijana no kugabanya ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije ku kigero cya 5 ku ijana, urwego rw’ibice bya airfoil byitezweho kuganza no guhindura imiterere ya turbine y’umuyaga, bigamije kwemeza ejo hazaza harambye kandi heza ku ngufu zisubira.

Ibyuma bya turbine y'umuyaga bifite uburebure bwa metero 51-75 ni byo byiganje ku isi yosefibre ya karuboniisoko ry'insinga z'umuyaga, kandi ikoreshwa ry'insinga za karuboni rishobora kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi ku kigero cya 25 ku ijana

Bitewe no gushaka imikorere myiza, kuramba no gukora neza, igice cya metero 51-75 cya fibre ya karuboni ku isoko ry’insinga za turbine y’umuyaga cyabaye imbaraga zikomeye muri fibre ya karuboni. Imiterere yihariye ya fibre ya karuboni ituma iba ibikoresho byiza kuri iki cyiciro cy’ingano. Igipimo cyo hejuru cy’imbaraga hagati y’uburemere bw’ibikoresho gikubye inshuro eshanu ugereranyije n’icyuma, bigabanya cyane uburemere bwose bw’insinga, bigatuma ingufu zifatwa neza kandi zigakoreshwa neza. Iki gice cy’uburebure kigaragaza ahantu heza aho uburinganire hagati y’igiciro cy’ibikoresho n’imikorere bunozwa, kandi insinga za fibre ya karuboni zifite umugabane wa 60% ku isoko muri iki cyiciro.

Ubukungu bw'ingufu z'umuyaga bwarushijeho kugira uruhare mu gukundwa kwa fibre ya karuboni muri uru rwego. Igiciro cyo hejuru cya fibre ya karuboni giterwa no kumara igihe kirekire kwayo no kugabanuka k'ubuziranenge. Ibyuma bikozwe muri fibre ya karuboni bifite igihe kirekire cya 20% mu gihe kiri hagati ya metero 51-75 ugereranije n'ibyuma bikozwe mu bikoresho bisanzwe. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bw'ibi byuma kigabanukaho 15% bitewe no gusimbuza no gusana bike. Ku bijyanye n'ingufu zisohoka, turbine zifite fibre ya karuboni muri ubu burebure zishobora gutanga amashanyarazi menshi kugeza kuri 25%, bigatuma ishoramari ribona inyungu yihuta. Amakuru ku isoko agaragaza ko gukoresha fibre ya karuboni muri uru rwego byiyongereyeho 30% buri mwaka mu myaka itanu ishize.

Imiterere y'isoko ry'ibishishwa bya karuboni mu byuma bikoresha umuyaga nayo iterwa n'ibura ry'ingufu zirambye kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, aho ingufu z'umuyaga ziteganijwe gutanga 30% by'amashanyarazi ku isi mu 2030. Ibishishwa bya metero 51-75 birakwiriye cyane mu mirima y'umuyaga yo mu nyanja, aho turbine nini kandi zikora neza ari ingenzi. Gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu nyanja hakoreshejwe ibishishwa bya karuboni byariyongereyeho 40%, bitewe na politiki za leta n'inkunga zigamije kugabanya ibishishwa bya karuboni. Ubwiganze bw'iri shami bugaragazwa cyane n'uruhare rwa 50% rwa karuboni mu iterambere rusange ry'inganda zikoresha umuyaga, bigatumafibre ya karubonisi amahitamo y'ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo ni inkingi y'ibanze y'ibikorwa remezo by'ingufu mu gihe kizaza.

Ingufu z'umuyaga za Aziya na Pasifika zituma ziba imbaraga zikomeye muri fibre ya karuboni ku blade za turbine z'umuyaga

Bitewe n’inganda zikora ingufu z’umuyaga, Aziya Pasifika yabaye igihugu gikoresha cyane fibre ya karuboni mu byuma bya turbine z’umuyaga. Kubera ko ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu z’umuyaga zisaga 378.67 GW mu 2023, ako karere kagize hafi 38% by’ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu z’umuyaga ku isi. Ubushinwa n’Ubuhinde ni byo bya mbere, aho Ubushinwa bwonyine butanga 310 GW, cyangwa 89% by’ubushobozi bw’akarere.

Byongeye kandi, Ubushinwa ni ubwa mbere ku isi mu guteranya turbine y'umuyaga yo ku nkombe, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga 82 GW buri mwaka. Guhera muri Kamena 2024, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho 410 GW z'ingufu z'umuyaga. Intego zikomeye z'akarere ku ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, zishingiye ku kwiyongera kw'ingufu zikenewe n'imihigo yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, zisaba ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi rikora neza.

Akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika gafite inganda zikomeye zikora fibre ya karuboni, zigatanga fibre ya karuboni ihamye n'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Imiterere yoroheje ya fibre ya karuboni ituma habaho uburebure bunini bwa rotor no kunoza uburyo bwo gufata ingufu. Ibi byatumye ingufu zitangwa mu nganda nshya ziyongeraho 15% ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe. Kubera ko ubushobozi bw'ingufu z'umuyaga buteganijwe kwiyongeraho 30% mu 2030, gukoresha fibre ya karuboni mu byuma bikoresha umuyaga bizakomeza kwiyongera mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika.

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