Uburyo ibinyabutabire bya fibre ya karuboni bigira uruhare mu kutagira aho bibogamira karuboni？

Kuzigama no Kugabanya Imyuka Ihumanya: Ibyiza byoroheje bya Fibre ya Karuboni biri kugaragara cyane

Fibre ya karubonipulasitiki ikomeye(CFRP) izwiho kuba yoroheje kandi ikomeye, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo mu ndege n'imodoka ryagize uruhare mu kugabanya ibiro no kunoza imicungire y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Dukurikije Isuzuma ry'Ingengabihe y'Ubuzima (LCA) ku ngaruka zose ku bidukikije ziva mu gukora ibikoresho kugeza ku ijugunywa ryakozwe n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abakora Fibre ya Karuboni mu Buyapani, ikoreshwa rya CFRP rigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya imyuka ya CO2 ihumanya ikirere.

Ikibuga cy'indege:iyo ikoreshwa rya CFRP ivanze na fibre ya karuboni mu ndege itwara abagenzi iciriritse igeze kuri 50% (nk'uko byagaragaye mu ndege ya Boeing 787 na Airbus A350 CFRP irengeje 50%), ingano yafibre ya karuboniIkoreshwa muri buri ndege ni toni zigera kuri 20, ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bishobora kugera ku burebure bwa 20%, ukurikije ingendo 2.000 ku mwaka, buri ndege ikora ibirometero 500, imyaka 10 ikora, buri ndege ishobora kugabanya toni 27.000 z'ibyuka bya CO2 kuri buri ndege mu myaka 10 ikora, hashingiwe ku ngendo 2.000 ku mwaka na kilometero 500 kuri buri ndege.

Urwego rw'imodoka:Iyo CFRP ikoreshejwe kuri 17% by'uburemere bw'imodoka, kugabanya ibiro byongera igiciro cyo gukoresha lisansi kandi bigabanya imyuka ya CO2 ku kigero cya toni 5 z'imyuka ya CO2 kuri buri modoka ikoresha CFRP, hashingiwe ku ntera y'ubuzima bwose ingana na kilometero 94.000 n'imyaka 10 ikora, ugereranije n'imodoka zisanzwe zidakoresha CFRP.

Uretse ibi, impinduramatwara mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu, iterambere rishya ry'ingufu n'ibikenewe mu bidukikije byitezweho kuzana andi mahirwe mashya mu bucuruzi ku bijyanye na fibre ya karubone. Nk’uko Toray yo mu Buyapani ibivuga, icyifuzo cy’isi yose cyafibre ya karubonibiteganijwe ko iziyongera ku kigero cya 17% buri mwaka mu 2025. Mu bikorwa by’indege, Toray yiteze ko hakenewe fibre ya karubone nshya ku "modoka ziguruka" nka za tagisi zitwara indege nini zitagira abapilote, hiyongereyeho indege z’ubucuruzi.

Ingufu z'umuyaga: ikoreshwa rya fibre ya karuboni riri kwiyongera

Mu rwego rwo kubyaza ingufu z'umuyaga, hari gushyirwa ingufu nini hirya no hino ku isi. Bitewe n'imbogamizi z'aho hantu, gushyirwamo ingufu biri kwimukira mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja n'utwo mu nkengero z'umuyaga, bigatuma hakenewe byihutirwa kunoza imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi.

Hakenewe ibyuma binini bya turbine y'umuyaga kugira ngo byongere imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi, ariko bikakorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa gakondofiberglassIbikoresho bivanze bituma bishobora kugwa mu buryo bworoshye, ibyo bigatuma ibyuma bya turbine bishobora gukubitwa n'umunara bigatera kwangirika. Mu gukoresha ibikoresho bya CFRP bikora neza, kugwa bizagabanuka kandi uburemere buzagabanuka, bigatuma habaho gukora ibyuma binini bya turbine bitanga imbaraga z'umuyaga kandi bigafasha mu kongera gukoresha ingufu z'umuyaga.

Mu gusabafibre ya karuboniibivanze n'ibyuma bya turbine z'umuyaga zikoresha ingufu zisubira, birashoboka gukora turbine z'umuyaga zifite ibyuma birebire kurusha mbere hose. Kubera ko ingufu zitangwa na turbine y'umuyaga zijyanye n'uburebure bw'icyuma, hakoreshejwe ibyuma bya karuboni bishobora kugera ku bunini bunini bityo bikongera imbaraga zisohoka za turbine y'umuyaga.

Dukurikije isesengura riheruka ry’iteganyagihe ryashyizwe ahagaragara na Toray muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, ubwiyongere bw’ibiciro bya fibre ya karuboni mu mwaka wa 2022-2025 buzaba bungana na 23% buri mwaka; kandi biteganijwe ko mu 2030, ubwiyongere bw’ibiciro bya fibre ya karuboni mu mazi buzagera kuri toni 92.000.

Ingufu za Hydrogen: Uruhare rwa Fibre ya Carbone Rurimo Kugaragara Cyane

Hydrogen y'icyatsi kibisi ikorwa binyuze mu gukoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa nk'izuba cyangwa umuyaga. Nk'isoko y'ingufu isukuye ifasha mu kugabanya karuboni, Hydrogen y'icyatsi kibisi yagiye ikurura abantu kandi byitezwe ko ikenewe iziyongera cyane mu gihe kizaza. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ryayo mu turemangingo twa hydrogen riri kugenda rikundwa cyane kandi byitezwe ko riziyongera cyane mu gihe kizaza.

Silindari zo kubikamo hidrojeni zifite umuvuduko mwinshi zikozwe mu migozi ya karuboni ikomeye cyane, impapuro za fibre ya karuboni zikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bya electrode n'ibice byo gukwirakwiza gaze, n'ibindi bicuruzwa bigira uruhare runini mu gukora, gutwara, kubika no gukoresha hidrojeni yose.

Ukoreshejefibre ya karuboniMu miyoboro y'umwuka, nka gaze karemano ifunze (CNG) na silindiri za hydrogen, birashoboka kugabanya uburemere no kongera umuvuduko ukabije. Ubusabe bwa silindiri za CNG ku modoka za CNG zikoreshwa mu gutwara abantu mu ngo no mu bigega byo gutwara gaze karemano buriyongera buhoro buhoro.

Byongeye kandi, icyifuzo cya fibre ya karuboni ikoreshwa mu byuma bipima umwuka (pressure vessels) cyitezweho kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza kuko silindari zo kubikamo hydrogen zigenda zikoreshwa cyane mu modoka zitwara abagenzi, amakamyo, gari ya moshi, n'amato akoresha uturemangingo twa hydrogen.

Shanghai Orisen New Material Technology Co., Ltd
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Aderesi: NO.398 Umuhanda Mushya w'Ikinyomoro Umujyi wa Xinbang Akarere ka Songjiang, Shanghai