Mu isi yoseinganda za fibre ya karuboni, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga n'impinduka mu byifuzo by'isoko birimo kuvugurura imiterere y'irushanwa. Toray Industries, iri ku isonga muri iki gihe ku isoko, ikomeje gushyiraho umuvuduko, mu gihe ibigo by'Abashinwa birimo kugera ku iterambere ryihuse, buri kimwe gifite ingamba zihariye zo gukura no guhanga udushya.
Ingamba za Toray: Gukomeza Ubuyobozi binyuze mu Ikoranabuhanga no GukwirakwizaEse?
Ubuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga mu byiciro byo hejuru
1. Toray ikomeje kugira amahirwe menshi mu bijyanye n’imigozi ya karuboni ikora neza, ikaba ari ingenzi mu bijyanye n’indege no mu nganda zikora cyane. Mu 2025, ubucuruzi bwayo bwa karuboni n’imigozi bwagaragaje ko bwazamutse cyane, aho inyungu yageze kuri miliyari 300 z’amayen (hafi miliyari 2.1 z’amadolari) n’inyungu ziyongeraho 70.7%. Imigozi yabo ya karuboni T1000, ifite imbaraga zo gukurura 7.0GPa, ni yo ngero ya zahabu ku isoko ry’isi, igaragara mu birenga 60% by’imigozi ya karuboni mu ndege nka Boeing 787 na Airbus A350. Ibikorwa bya Toray mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, nko guteza imbere imigozi ya karuboni ikora neza nka M60J, bituma barushaho kuba imbere mu myaka 2-3 kurusha bagenzi babo b’Abashinwa muri uru rwego.
2. Gutandukanya ingamba no kugera ku rwego rw'isi
Kugira ngo yagure isoko ryayo, Toray yagize uruhare runini mu kugura no kwagura indege. Kugura ibice bya SGL Group yo mu Budage byazamuye umwanya wayo ku isoko ry’ingufu z’umuyaga mu Burayi. Iyi ntambwe ntiyaguye abakiriya bayo gusa ahubwo yanatumye habaho guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryuzuzanya n’ubushobozi bwo gukora. Byongeye kandi, amasezerano y’igihe kirekire ya Toray n’ibigo bikomeye by’indege nka Boeing na Airbus atuma habaho inyungu ihamye, aho ibiciro bizagera mu 2030. Uku kureba imbere mu buryo bw’ingamba, hamwe n’ubuyobozi bw’ikoranabuhanga, ni byo bigize inkingi ikomeye ya Toray ku isi.
Ⅱ.Ibigo by'Abashinwa: Gukoresha iterambere n'udushya
1. Iterambere rishingiye ku iterambere ry’imbere mu gihugu n’urwego
Ubushinwa bwagaragaye nk'igihugu gikomeye ku isi mu gukora fibre ya karubone, gifite 47.7% by'ubushobozi bw'isi mu 2025. Ibigo nka Jilin Chemical Fiber na Zhongfu Shenying ni byo biri ku isonga ku isoko ryo hagati kugeza ku ryo hasi. Jilin Chemical Fiber, ikigo kinini ku isi gicuruza silk mbisi gifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 160.000, cyabyaje umusaruro mu gukurura ibintu binini.gukora fibre ya karuboniIbicuruzwa byabo bya 50K/75K, biri ku giciro kiri hasi ya 25% ugereranije na Toray's mu rwego rw'ingufu z'umuyaga, byatumye bashobora gufata igice kinini cy'isoko ry'ingufu z'umuyaga, hamwe n'ibicuruzwa byuzuye hamwe n'igipimo cy'imikorere cya 95% - 100% mu 2025.
2. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo isoko ryinjira mu buryo buciriritse
Nubwo hari ibicuruzwa byinshi bisigaye inyuma, ibigo by’Abashinwa birimo gutera imbere vuba. Iterambere rya Zhongfu Shenying mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kuzunguruka ry’amazi ni urugero rwiza. Ibicuruzwa byabo bya T700 byatsinze icyemezo cya COMAC, bigaragaza ko binjiriye mu ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho binini byo gutanga indege. Ku rundi ruhande, Zhongjian Technology yageze ku kigero cya 80% by’isoko ry’ibikoresho bya karubone by’indege za gisirikare zo mu gihugu hamwe n’uruhererekane rwayo rwa ZT7 (rurenze T700). Byongeye kandi, bitewe n’ubukungu buri hasi mu misozi miremire, ibigo by’Abashinwa biri mu mwanya mwiza. Zhongjian Technology na Guangwei Composites byinjiye mu ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho by’inganda za eVTOL nka Xpeng na EHang, bibyaza umusaruro ingano ya karubone nyinshi (irenga 75%) muri izi ndege.
III. Ingamba zo guhangana n'ejo hazaza ku bigo by'Abashinwa
1. Gushora imari mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikorwa bigezweho
Kugira ngo ibigo by’Abashinwa byinjire mu isoko ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru ryiganjemo Toray, bigomba kongera imbaraga mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere imikorere. Kwibanda ku guteza imbere imiyoboro ya karuboni ya T1100 - yo mu rwego rwo hejuru no hejuru, isa na Toray's M65J, ni ingenzi cyane. Ibi bisaba ishoramari rinini mu bikorwa by’ubushakashatsi, gushaka abakozi bafite impano, no gukorana n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi. Urugero, kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi bw’ibanze bujyanye naibikoresho bya fibre ya karubonibishobora gutuma habaho uburyo bushya bwo gukora no kunoza ibicuruzwa, bigafasha ibigo by'Abashinwa kuziba icyuho mu ikoranabuhanga.
2. Gushimangira ubufatanye mu nganda – Kaminuza – mu bushakashatsi
Kongera ubufatanye hagati y’inganda, za kaminuza n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bishobora kwihutisha udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Kaminuza n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bishobora gutanga inkunga y’ibanze mu bushakashatsi, mu gihe ibigo bishobora gutanga ubumenyi bufatika n’ibikoresho byo kwamamaza. Ubu bufatanye bushobora gutuma habaho iterambere ry’ibishyaikoreshwa rya fibre ya karubonin'ubuhanga bwo gukora. Urugero, imishinga y’ubushakashatsi ihuriweho ku bijyanye no kongera gutunganya fibre ya karubone ntishobora gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije gusa ahubwo inafungura amahirwe mashya y’ubucuruzi mu bukungu bushingiye ku ruziga.
3. Kwagura amasoko ari mu nzira y'amajyambere
Iterambere ry'amasoko ari kuzamuka, nko mu rwego rwo kubika no gutwara ingufu za hydrogen, ritanga amahirwe menshi. Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cya fibre ya karuboni T700 mu macupa yo kubikamo hydrogen yo mu bwoko bwa IV kizagera kuri toni 15.000 mu 2025. Ibigo by'Abashinwa bigomba gushora imari muri uru rwego, bikoresha ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora n'inyungu zihendutse. Mu kwinjira muri aya masoko ari kuzamuka hakiri kare, bishobora gushinga urwego rwo guhangana no guteza imbere iterambere ry'ejo hazaza.
Umwanzuro
Isi yose isoko rya fibre ya karuboneIri mu nzira y’amahuriro, aho ubuyobozi bwa Toray mu ikoranabuhanga bukomeje guhangana n’izamuka ryihuse ry’ibigo by’Abashinwa. Ingamba za Toray zo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no gukwirakwiza ibikorwa bitandukanye ku isi zakomeje umwanya wazo, mu gihe ibigo by’Abashinwa birimo gukoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza, gukwirakwiza no kwinjira mu isoko ryihariye. Mu gihe urebye imbere, ibigo by’Abashinwa bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana binyuze mu kwibanda ku bushakashatsi n’iterambere byo ku rwego rwo hejuru, gushimangira ubufatanye mu bushakashatsi mu nganda, muri kaminuza no mu masoko ari kuzamuka. Ubu buryo buhamye hagati y’umuyobozi w’isoko n’ibigo bikiri kuzamuka bushobora kuvugurura urwego rw’ibicuruzwa bya karubone mu myaka iri imbere, bigatanga imbogamizi n’amahirwe ku bashoramari n’abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Nyakanga-2025