Ko kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa negirazi fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) zvikakwanisa kugadzirwa compost pakupera kwebasa razvo, pamwe chete nemakumi emakore emabhenefiti akaonekwa ekuderedza huremu, kusimba nekuomarara, kuramba ngura uye kugara kwenguva refu? Izvozvo, muchidimbu, ndizvo zvinoita kuti tekinoroji yeABM Composite ifadze.
Girazi rinoita basa remuviri, fibers dzine simba guru
Yakavambwa muna 2014, Arctic Biomaterials Oy (Tampere, Finland) yakagadzira faibha yegirazi inoora inogadzirwa kubva mugirazi rinonzi bioactive, iro Ari Rosling, director weR&D kuABM Composite, anotsanangura se "mushonga wakakosha wakagadzirwa muma1960 unobvumira girazi kuora pasi pemamiriro emuviri. Kana girazi rikaiswa mumuviri, rinopwanyika kuita munyu wemineral, richiburitsa sodium, magnesium, phosphates, nezvimwewo, nokudaro zvichigadzira mamiriro anokurudzira kukura kwemapfupa."
"Ine hunhu hwakafanana nehwegirazi risina alkali (girazi reE).” Rosling akati, “Asi girazi iri rinoita basa rekugadzira zvinhu zvipenyu rakaoma kugadzira uye kudhonza kuita mafiber, uye kusvika pari zvino rave richingoshandiswa sehupfu kana putty chete. Sekuziva kwedu, ABM Composite ndiyo kambani yekutanga kugadzira mafiber egirazi ane simba guru kubva mariri padanho remaindasitiri, uye ikozvino tiri kushandisa mafiber egirazi aya eArcBiox X4/5 kusimbisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana epurasitiki, kusanganisira mapolymers anoora”.
Zvigadzirwa zvekurapa
Dunhu reTampere, riri kure nemaawa maviri kuchamhembe kweHelsinki, Finland, rave riri nzvimbo yekugadzirwa kwemapolymers anoora kubva kuzvinhu zvipenyu anoshandiswa pakurapa kubvira kuma1980. Rosling anotsanangura kuti, "Chimwe chezvishandiso zvekutanga zvinotengeswa zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu izvi chakagadzirwa muTampere, uye ndizvo zvakaita kuti ABM Composite itange! iyo yava chikamu chedu chebhizinesi rekurapa."
"Kune mapolymer akawanda anogona kuora, anogona kunyudzwa nemuviri ekuisa zvinhu muma implants." Anoenderera mberi achiti, "asi hunhu hwavo hwemuchina hahuna kufanana nehwemuchina chaiwo. Takakwanisa kuvandudza mapolymer aya anogona kuora kuitira kuti implant iwane simba rakafanana neremuchina chaiwo". Rosling akataura kuti fiber dzegirazi dzeArcBiox dzemhando yekurapa nekuwedzera kweABM zvinogona kuvandudza hunhu hwemuchina hwemapolymers ePLLA anogona kuora ne200% kusvika 500%.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, maimplant eABM Composite anoita basa rakanaka kupfuura maimplant akagadzirwa nemapolymer asina kusimbiswa, ukuwo achikwanisa kunyudzwa mumuviri uye achikurudzira kuumbwa nekukura kwemapfupa. ABM Composite inoshandisawo matekiniki ekuisa fiber/strand otomatiki kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti fiber iri kufamba zvakanaka, kusanganisira kuisa fibers pamwe chete nehurefu hwese hweimplant, pamwe nekuisa fibers dzekuwedzera panzvimbo dzingangove dzisina simba.
Zvishandiso zvemumba uye zvehunyanzvi
Nechikamu chayo chebhizinesi rezvekurapa chiri kukura, ABM Composite inoziva kuti mapolymer akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvipenyu uye anogona kuora anogona kushandiswawo mumidziyo yekicheni, midziyo yekubikira nezvimwe zvinhu zvemumba. "Mapolymer aya anogona kuora anowanzova nehunhu husina kunaka hwemuchina kana tichienzanisa nemapurasitiki akagadzirwa nepetroleum." Rosling akati, "Asi tinogona kusimbisa zvinhu izvi nemafiber edu egirazi anogona kuora, zvichiita kuti zvive imwe nzira yakanaka pane mapurasitiki ekutengeserana akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvekare kune akasiyana siyana ehunyanzvi."
Nekuda kweizvozvo, ABM Composite yakawedzera chikamu chayo chebhizinesi rehunyanzvi, icho ikozvino chinoshandisa vanhu makumi matanhatu. "Tinopa mhinduro dzinogara kwenguva refu dzemagumo ehupenyu (EOL)." Rosling anoti, "Chinhu chatinonyanya kukosha ndechekuisa macomposites aya anogona kuora mumaindasitiri ekugadzira macomposites uko anoshanduka kuita ivhu." Girazi reE-rechinyakare harina simba uye harizoora munzvimbo idzi dzekugadzira macomposites.
ArcBiox Fibre Composites
ABM Composite yakagadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzeArcBiox X4/5 glass fibers dzekushandisa mucomposite, kubva kumachira mapfupiuye mishonga yekuisa jekiseni kufiber dzinoramba dzichienderera mberiyemaitiro akadai sekuumba machira ne pultrusion. Mhando yeArcBiox BSGF inosanganisa fibers dzegirazi dzinoora ne bio-based polyester resins uye inowanikwa mu general technology grades uye ArcBiox 5 grades inotenderwa kushandiswa mu food contact applications.
ABM Composite yakaongororawo mhando dzakasiyana dzemapolymer anogona kuora uye akavakirwa pazvipenyu dzinosanganisira Polylactic Acid (PLA), PLLA nePolybutylene Succinate (PBS). Dhayagiramu iri pazasi inoratidza kuti mafiber egirazi eX4/5 anogona sei kuvandudza mashandiro kuti akwikwidzane nemapolymer akajairwa egirazi akasimbiswa nefiber akadai sepolypropylene (PP) uye kunyange polyamide 6 (PA6).
ABM Composite yakaongororawo mhando dzakasiyana dzemapolymer anogona kuora uye anogadzirwa nemuviri, kusanganisira Polylactic Acid (PLA), PLLA nePolybutylene Succinate (PBS). Dhayagiramu iri pazasi inoratidza kuti mafiber egirazi eX4/5 anogona sei kuvandudza mashandiro kuti akwikwidzane nemapolymer akajairwa egirazi akasimbiswa nefiber akadai sepolypropylene (PP) uye kunyange polyamide 6 (PA6).
Kugara kwenguva refu uye Kugadzikana kwevhu
Kana zvinhu izvi zvichiora, zvinogara kwenguva yakareba sei? “Magirazi edu eX4/5 haanyungudike mumaminitsi mashanu kana husiku hwese sezvinoita shuga, uye kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvavo zvichiora nekufamba kwenguva, hazvizoonekwe zvakanyanya.” Anodaro Rosling, “Kuti tiore zvinobudirira, tinoda tembiricha yakakwira uye hunyoro kwenguva yakareba, sezvinowanikwa mu vivo kana mumapombi emaindasitiri. Semuenzaniso, takaedza makapu nendiro dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvedu zveArcBiox BSGF, uye dzaigona kutsungirira kusvika ku200 kusukwa ndiro pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda. Pane kuora kwehunhu hwemakanika, asi kwete kusvika pakuti makapu haana kuchengetedzeka kushandisa”.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuti kana zvinhu izvi zvikarasirwa pakupera kwebasa razvo, zvisvike pazvinodiwa pakugadzira manyowa, uye ABM Composite yakaita bvunzo dzakawanda kuratidza kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa izvi. "Zvichienderana neISO standards (yekugadzira manyowa mumaindasitiri), kuora kwezvipenyu kunofanira kuitika mukati memwedzi mitanhatu uye kuora mukati memwedzi mitatu/mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe". Rosling anoti, "Kuora kwezvipenyu zvinoreva kuisa sampuro yekuedza/chigadzirwa mu biomass kana compost. mushure memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, nyanzvi inoongorora biomass achishandisa sefa. mushure memavhiki gumi nemaviri, kanenge 90 muzana yechigadzirwa chinofanira kukwanisa kupfuura nemusefa ye 2 mm × 2 mm".
Kuora kwehupenyu kunowanikwa nekukuya zvinhu zvisina kuchena kuita upfu uye kuyera huwandu hweCO2 inoburitswa mushure memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe. Izvi zvinoongorora kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni mukuita manyowa hunoshandurwa kuita mvura, biomass uye CO2. "Kuti upfuure bvunzo yekugadzirwa kwemanyowa mumaindasitiri, 90 muzana ye100 muzana yeCO2 yedzidziso kubva mukuita manyowa inofanira kuwanikwa (zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekabhoni)".
Rosling anoti ABM Composite yakasangana nezvinodiwa zvekuora nekuora, uye bvunzo dzakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwefaibha yayo yegirazi yeX4 kunovandudza kuora kwechinhu (ona tafura iri pamusoro), iyo inongori 78% chete yePLA blend isina kusimbiswa, semuenzaniso. Anotsanangura kuti, "Zvisinei, apo 30% yefaibha dzegirazi dzinoora dzakawedzerwa, kuora kwechinhu kwakawedzera kusvika 94%, nepo mwero wekuora kwakaramba wakanaka".
Nekuda kweizvozvo, ABM Composite yakaratidza kuti zvinhu zvayo zvinogona kubvumidzwa kuti zvinogona kusanganiswa ne compost zvichienderana ne EN 13432. Miedzo yakaitwa nezvinhu zvayo kusvika pari zvino inosanganisira ISO 14855-1 yekuora kwekupedzisira kwezvinhu pasi pemamiriro ekugadziriswa kwecompost, ISO 16929 yekuora kwe aerobic, ISO DIN EN 13432 yezvinodiwa nemakemikari, uye OECD 208 yekuongorora phytotoxicity, ISO DIN EN 13432.
CO2 inoburitswa panguva yekugadzira manyowa
Panguva yekuisa manyowa, CO2 inoburitswa, asi imwe inosara muvhu uye inobva yashandiswa nemiti. Kuisa manyowa kwave kuchidzidzwa kwemakumi emakore, senzira yeindasitiri uye senzira yekuisa manyowa mushure mekuisa manyowa inoburitsa CO2 shoma pane dzimwe nzira dzekurasa marara, uye kuisa manyowa kuchiri kuonekwa senzira isina njodzi kunharaunda uye yekuderedza kabhoni.
Kukuvadza nharaunda kunosanganisira kuyedza biomass inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira manyowa nezvirimwa zvinorimwa nebiomass iyi. "Izvi ndezvekuona kuti kugadzira manyowa nezvigadzirwa izvi hakukuvadzi zvirimwa zviri kukura." Rosling akadaro. Pamusoro pezvo, ABM Composite yakaratidza kuti zvinhu zvayo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuora kwezvirimwa pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira manyowa kumba, ayo anodawo 90% kuora kwezvirimwa, asi mukati memwedzi gumi nemiviri, zvichienzaniswa nenguva pfupi yekugadzira manyowa mumaindasitiri.
Mashandisirwo emaindasitiri, kugadzirwa, mitengo uye kukura mune ramangwana
Zvinhu zveABM Composite zvinoshandiswa mumabasa akawanda ekutengeserana, asi zvakawanda hazvigone kuburitswa pachena nekuda kwezvibvumirano zvekuchengetedza zvakavanzika. "Tinoraira zvinhu zvedu kuti zvienderane nezvishandiso zvakaita semakapu, masosi, ndiro, zvimedu zvemidziyo uye midziyo yekuchengetera chikafu," Rosling anodaro, "asi zvinoshandiswawo senzira yekuisa mapurasitiki epetroleum mumidziyo yekuzora nezvinhu zvikuru zvemumba. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvinhu zvedu zvakasarudzwa kuti zvishandiswe mukugadzira zvikamu mumichina mikuru yeindasitiri inoda kutsiviwa mavhiki ese maviri kusvika gumi nemaviri. Makambani aya akaona kuti nekushandisa fibre yegirazi reX4, zvikamu izvi zvemuchina zvinogona kugadzirwa nekusapfeka kunodiwa uye zvinogonawo kusanganiswa nevhu mushure mekushandisa. Iyi mhinduro inokwezva mune ramangwana sezvo makambani aya ari kutarisana nedambudziko rekusangana nemitemo mitsva yezvakatipoteredza uye CO2 emission".
Rosling akawedzera kuti, "Kunewo kufarira kuri kukura mukushandisa machira edu anoenderera mberi mumhando dzakasiyana dzemachira neasina kurukwa kugadzira zvinhu zvekuvaka muindasitiri yekuvaka. Tiri kuonawo kufarira mukushandisa machira edu anoora neasina kuparadzwa nePA kana PP uye zvinhu zve thermoset zvisina kuparadzwa nechinhu chiri mumuviri asi chisina kuparadzwa nechinhu chiri mumuviri".
Parizvino, fiberglass yeX4/5 inodhura kupfuura E-glass, asi huwandu hwekugadzira hushomawo, uye ABM Composite iri kutsvaga mikana yakawanda yekuwedzera mashandisirwo uye kuita kuti kukwira kusvika kumatani zviuru makumi maviri pagore sezvo kudiwa kuri kukura, izvo zvinogonawo kubatsira kuderedza mitengo. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, Rosling anoti muzviitiko zvakawanda mitengo inobatanidzwa nekuzadzisa kuchengetedzeka uye zvinodiwa zvitsva zvemitemo haisati yanyatsofungwa. Panguva iyi, kukurumidza kuponesa pasi kuri kukura. "Vanhu vari kutotanga kukurudzira zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvebio-based." Anotsanangura kuti, "Kune zvakawanda zvinokurudzira kusimudzira matekinoroji ekugadzirisa zvinhu, nyika inofanira kufambira mberi nekukurumidza pane izvi uye ndinofunga kuti nzanga ichawedzera chete kushingirira kwayo zvigadzirwa zvebio-based mune ramangwana".
LCA uye Kubatsira Kwekuchengetedza
Rosling anoti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neABM Composite zvinoderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anodziya pasi uye kushandiswa kwesimba risingadzokororwe ne50-60 muzana pakirogiramu. “Tinoshandisa Environmental Footprint Database 2.0, seti yedata reGaBi rakagamuchirwa, uye kuverenga kweLCA (Life Cycle Analysis) yezvigadzirwa zvedu zvichibva panzira yakatsanangurwa muISO 14040 neISO 14044”.
"Parizvino, kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa necomposite zvasvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwazvo, simba rakawanda rinodiwa kuti zvipise kana kupwanya marara akasanganiswa nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa neEOL, uye kupwanya nekugadzira manyowa inzira inokwezva, uye zvechokwadi ndeimwe yepfungwa dzakakosha dzatinopa, uye tiri kupa mhando itsva yekudzokorodza." Rosling anoti, "Fiberglass yedu inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvechisikigo zviri muvhu. Saka sei tisingashandise composite EOL composite components, kana kunyungudutsa fibers kubva muzvinhu zvisingaori mushure mekupiswa tozvishandisa sefetereza? Iyi isarudzo yekudzokorodza inodiwa pasi rose."
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