Fiber yegirazi ine zvakanakira zvakawanda zvakaita sekusimba kwakanyanya uye huremu hwakareruka, kuramba ngura, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira magetsi, nezvimwewo. Ndiyo imwe yezvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvakasanganiswa. Panguva imwe chete, China ndiyo zvakare inogadzira girazi rakawanda pasi rose.
1. Chii chinonzi faibhagirazi?
Fiber yegirazi chinhu chisina kugadzirwa nesimbi chisina kugadzirwa chine mashandiro akanaka kwazvo, chicherwa chechisikigo chine silica sechigadzirwa chikuru, chinowedzera zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvesimbi oxide, zvakasanganiswa zvakaenzana, zvakanyungudutswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, mvura yegirazi yakanyungudutswa inoyerera kuburikidza nefunnel outflow, basa resimba regiravhiti rinokweverwa nekukurumidza uye rinotonhodzwa nekukurumidza uye rinogadziriswa kuita fiber inoenderera mberi yakanaka kwazvo.
Upamhi hwefilament yegirazi kubva pama microns mashoma kusvika pama microns anopfuura makumi maviri, zvakaenzana nebvudzi re1/20-1/5, bundle rega rega refilaments rinoumbwa nemazana kana kunyange zviuru zve monofilaments.
Zvimiro zvekutanga zvefaibha yegirazi: Chitarisiko chenzvimbo yakatsetseka yecylindrical, chikamu chepakati chakaita denderedzwa rakakwana, rakatenderera kuti rikwanise kutsungirira mutoro; gasi nemvura kuburikidza nekupikisa zvidiki, asi pamusoro pacho pakanyatsotsetseka zvekuti simba rekubata faibha diki, risingakodzeri kusanganiswa neresin; huwandu hwefaibha hunowanzova 2.50-2.70 g/cm3, zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwegirazi; simba rekudhonza kupfuura mamwe mafaibha echisikigo, mafaibha ekugadzira akakwira; zvinhu zvinoputsika, kureba pakuputsika kudiki kwazvo Kudzivirira mvura uye acid zvakanaka, nepo alkali isingakoshi.
2.Kupatsanura girazi nefaibha
Inogona kukamurwa kuita fiber yegirazi inoenderera mberi, fiber yegirazi pfupi (fiber yegirazi yakareba) uye fiber yegirazi refu (LFT) kubva muchikamu chehurefu.
Kubva pane zviri mukati mesimbi yealkali zvinogona kukamurwa kuita simbi isina alkali, yakaderera, yepakati neyakakwirira, inowanzo shandurwa ne alkali isina, kureva girazi reE faibha, girazi reE faibha rinoshandiswa mudzimba.
3.Chii chinogona kushandiswa negirazi fiber
Faibha yegirazi ine simba guru rekudhonza, inochinjika zvakanyanya, haitsve, haibatike nemakemikari, hainyure mvura zvakanyanya, mashandiro akanaka ekugadzirisa uye mamwe maitiro akanaka, kazhinji sechinhu chakasanganiswa muzvinhu zvinosimbisa, zvinhu zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira, substrate yedunhu, nezvimwewo, zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
Faibha yegirazi yekunze yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa: zvinhu zvinosimbisa mapurasitiki ethermosetting, zvinhu zvinosimbisa magirazi zvethermoplastics, zvinhu zvinosimbisa simende zvegypsum, uye zvinhu zvemachira zvegirazi, izvo zvinhu zvinosimbisa mapurasitiki zvinoita 70-75% uye zvinhu zvemachira zvegirazi zvefiber zvinoita 25-30%. Kubva pakudiwa kuri pasi, zvivakwa zvine 38% (kusanganisira mapaipi, kubvisa munyu, kudziya kwedzimba uye kudzivirira mvura, kuchengetedza mvura, nezvimwewo), kutakurwa kunoita 27-28% (yacht, mota, high-speed rail, nezvimwewo) uye zvemagetsi zvinoita 17%.
Muchidimbu, nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa negirazi fiber dzinosanganisira kutakura, zvinhu zvekuvaka, indasitiri yemagetsi, indasitiri yemakanika, indasitiri yepetrochemical, nzvimbo dzekuzorora netsika, uye tekinoroji yekudzivirira nyika.
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