Kuthiwani uma izinhlanganisela ze-glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) zingafakwa umquba ekupheleni kwesikhathi sazo sokusebenza, ngaphezu kwamashumi eminyaka ezinzuzo ezifakazelwe zokunciphisa isisindo, amandla nokuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala nokuqina? Kafushane nje, lokho kukhanga ubuchwepheshe be-ABM Composite.
Ingilazi esebenzayo, imicu enamandla aphezulu
Yasungulwa ngo-2014, i-Arctic Biomaterials Oy (eTampere, eFinland) ithuthukise i-fiber yengilazi ebolayo eyenziwe ngengilazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-bioactive, u-Ari Rosling, umqondisi we-R&D kwa-ABM Composite, ayichaza ngokuthi “indlela ekhethekile eyasungulwa ngawo-1960 evumela ingilazi ukuthi yonakale ngaphansi kwezimo zomzimba. Uma ifakwa emzimbeni, ingilazi iyahlukana ibe usawoti wayo wamaminerali, ikhiphe i-sodium, i-magnesium, ama-phosphate, njll., ngaleyo ndlela idale isimo esikhuthaza ukukhula kwamathambo.”
"Inezakhiwo ezifanayo ne-i-fiber yengilazi engena-alkali (i-E-glass).” URosling uthe, “Kodwa le ngilazi esebenzayo kunzima ukuyikhiqiza nokuyidonsela kumafayibha, futhi kuze kube manje ibisetshenziswa kuphela njengempuphu noma i-putty. Ngokwazi kwethu, i-ABM Composite yayiyinkampani yokuqala ukwenza amafayibha engilazi anamandla aphezulu ngayo ngezinga lezimboni, futhi manje sisebenzisa lawa mafayibha engilazi e-ArcBiox X4/5 ukuqinisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamapulasitiki, kufaka phakathi ama-polymer abolayo”.
Izimila zezokwelapha
Isifunda saseTampere, esiqhele ngamahora amabili enyakatho yeHelsinki, eFinland, besilokhu siyisikhungo sama-polymer abola ngokususelwa ku-bio-based for medical applications kusukela ngawo-1980. URosling uchaza athi, “Esinye sezifakelo zokuqala ezitholakala kwezentengiselwano ezenziwe ngalezi zinto sakhiqizwa eTampere, futhi yileyo ndlela i-ABM Composite eyaqala ngayo! okuyiyunithi yethu yebhizinisi lezokwelapha manje”.
“Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-polymer ezibolayo, ezibolayo, ezimuncwa yizinto eziphilayo zezimila.” Uyaqhubeka, “kodwa izakhiwo zazo zemishini azifani nezethambo lemvelo. Sikwazile ukuthuthukisa lezi zinhlobo zama-polymer ezibolayo ukuze sinike isimila amandla afanayo namathambo emvelo”. URosling waphawula ukuthi imicu yengilazi ye-ArcBiox yezinga lezokwelapha ngokwengeza i-ABM ingathuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini zama-polymer e-PLLA ezibolayo ngo-200% kuya ku-500%.
Ngenxa yalokho, izifakelo ze-ABM Composite zinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kunezifakelo ezenziwe ngama-polymer angaqiniswanga, kuyilapho futhi zikwazi ukumuncwa yizinto eziphilayo futhi zikhuthaza ukwakheka nokukhula kwamathambo. I-ABM Composite isebenzisa futhi amasu okubeka i-fibre/strand ezenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuqondiswa okuhle kwe-fibre, okuhlanganisa nokubeka imicu kulo lonke ubude be-implant, kanye nokubeka imicu eyengeziwe ezindaweni ezingaba buthakathaka.
Izicelo zasekhaya kanye nezobuchwepheshe
Ngeyunithi yayo yebhizinisi lezokwelapha ekhulayo, i-ABM Composite iyaqaphela ukuthi ama-polymer asekelwe kuzinto eziphilayo kanye nabolayo angasetshenziswa nasezintweni zasekhishini, izinto zokusikela kanye nezinye izinto zasekhaya. “Lawa ma-polymer abolayo ngokuvamile anezakhiwo ezimbi zemishini uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki asekelwe kuphethiloli.” URosling uthe, “Kodwa singawaqinisa lawa ma-material ngemicu yethu yengilazi ebolayo, okwenza kube yindlela enhle kakhulu esikhundleni samapulasitiki ebhizinisi asekelwe ezintweni zakudala ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo eziningi zobuchwepheshe”.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-ABM Composite yandise iyunithi yayo yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe, manje eqasha abantu abangu-60. “Sinikeza izixazululo eziqhubekayo zokuphela kokuphila (i-EOL).” URosling uthi, “Inhloso yethu enkulu ukufaka lezi zinhlanganisela ezibolayo emisebenzini yokwenza umquba wezimboni lapho ziphenduka khona inhlabathi.” Ingilazi ye-E yendabuko ayisebenzi futhi ngeke yonakale kulezi zikhungo zokwenza umquba.
Ama-Composites e-ArcBiox Fibre
I-ABM Composite isungule izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ArcBiox X4/5 glass fibers zokusetshenziswa kwe-composite, kusukela ku-imicu emfushanekanye nama-compound okufaka umjovo ku-imicu eqhubekayongezinqubo ezifana nokubumba izindwangu kanye ne-pultrusion. Uhla lwe-ArcBiox BSGF luhlanganisa imicu yengilazi ebolayo nama-resin e-polyester asekelwe ku-bio futhi luyatholakala kuma-grade obuchwepheshe ajwayelekile kanye nama-grade e-ArcBiox 5 avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezicelweni zokuthintana nokudla.
I-ABM Composite iphinde yahlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-polymers abola futhi asekelwe ku-bio afaka phakathi i-Polylactic Acid (PLA), i-PLLA kanye ne-Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Umdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa ukuthi imicu yengilazi ye-X4/5 ingathuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza ukuze incintisane nama-polymers ajwayelekile aqiniswe nge-fiber yengilazi njenge-polypropylene (PP) kanye ne-polyamide 6 (PA6).
I-ABM Composite iphinde yahlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-polymers abola futhi asekelwe ku-bio, okuhlanganisa i-Polylactic Acid (PLA), i-PLLA kanye ne-Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Umdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa ukuthi imicu yengilazi ye-X4/5 ingathuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza ukuze incintisane nama-polymers aqiniswe nge-fiber yengilazi ejwayelekile njenge-polypropylene (PP) ngisho ne-polyamide 6 (PA6).
Ukuqina Nokuvunda
Uma lezi zinhlanganisela zibola, zizohlala isikhathi esingakanani? “Imicu yethu yengilazi ye-X4/5 ayincibiliki ngemizuzu emihlanu noma ubusuku bonke njengoba kwenza ushukela, futhi yize izakhiwo zayo zizobola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngeke zibonakale kangako.” Kusho uRosling, “Ukuze siwohloke ngempumelelo, sidinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama isikhathi eside, njengoba kutholakala ezimweni ezivamile noma ezinqwabeni zomquba wezimboni. Isibonelo, sihlole izinkomishi nezitsha ezenziwe ngezinto zethu ze-ArcBiox BSGF, futhi zingamelana nemijikelezo yokugeza izitsha efinyelela ku-200 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Kukhona ukonakala kwezakhiwo zemishini, kodwa hhayi kuze kube seqophelweni lapho izinkomishi zingaphephile ukuzisebenzisa”.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uma lezi zinhlanganisela zilahlwa ekupheleni kwesikhathi sazo sokusebenza, zihlangabezane nezidingo ezijwayelekile ezidingekayo ekwenzeni umquba, futhi i-ABM Composite yenze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukufakazela ukuthi iyahlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso. “Ngokwezindinganiso ze-ISO (zokwenza umquba wezimboni), ukubola kwe-biogradation kufanele kwenzeke zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-6 futhi kubole zingakapheli izinyanga ezi-3/izinsuku ezingama-90”. URosling uthi, “Ukubola kusho ukubeka isampula/umkhiqizo wokuhlola ku-biomass noma kumquba. ngemva kwezinsuku ezingama-90, uchwepheshe uhlola i-biomass esebenzisa isihlungo. ngemva kwamasonto ayi-12, okungenani amaphesenti angama-90 omkhiqizo kufanele akwazi ukudlula kusihlungo esingu-2 mm × 2 mm”.
Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunqunywa ngokugaya izinto ezimsulwa zibe yimpuphu bese kulinganiswa inani eliphelele le-CO2 elikhishwe ngemva kwezinsuku ezingama-90. Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi kungakanani okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwenqubo yokwenza umquba okuguqulwa kube amanzi, i-biomass kanye ne-CO2. "Ukuze kudlule ukuhlolwa kokwenza umquba kwezimboni, amaphesenti angama-90 e-CO2 engu-100 yenkolelo-mbono evela enkambisweni yokwenza umquba kumele kufezwe (ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni)".
URosling uthi i-ABM Composite ihlangabezane nezidingo zokubola kanye nokubola, futhi ukuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi ukungezwa kwefayibha yayo yengilazi ye-X4 empeleni kuthuthukisa ukubola (bheka ithebula elingenhla), okuyi-78% kuphela yengxube ye-PLA engaqiniswanga, isibonelo. Uyachaza, "Kodwa-ke, lapho imicu yethu yengilazi ebolayo engu-30% ingezwa, ukubola kwenyuka kwafika ku-94%, kuyilapho amazinga okubola ehlala emuhle".
Ngenxa yalokho, i-ABM Composite ikhombisile ukuthi izinto zayo zingaqinisekiswa njengezingafakwa umquba ngokusho kwe-EN 13432. Ukuhlolwa izinto zayo ezidlulile kuze kube manje kufaka phakathi i-ISO 14855-1 yokubola kokugcina kwezinto ngaphansi kwezimo zokufaka umquba ezilawulwayo, i-ISO 16929 yokubola okulawulwayo kwe-aerobic, i-ISO DIN EN 13432 yezidingo zamakhemikhali, kanye ne-OECD 208 yokuhlolwa kwe-phytotoxicity, i-ISO DIN EN 13432.
I-CO2 ikhishwa ngesikhathi sokufaka umquba
Ngesikhathi sokufaka umquba, i-CO2 iyakhishwa ngempela, kodwa eminye ihlala enhlabathini bese isetshenziswa izitshalo. Ukwenza umquba sekufundwe amashumi eminyaka, kokubili njengenqubo yezimboni kanye nenqubo yangemva kokufaka umquba ekhipha i-CO2 encane kunezinye izindlela zokulahla udoti, kanti ukwenza umquba kusabhekwa njengenqubo enobungani nemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukushaqeka kwekhabhoni.
Ubuthi obungabangelwa yimvelo buhilela ukuhlola i-biomass ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenza umquba kanye nezitshalo ezikhuliswe ngale biomass. “Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwenza umquba kule mikhiqizo akulimazi izitshalo ezikhulayo.” kusho uRosling. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ABM Composite ikhombisile ukuthi izinto zayo ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zokubola kwezitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenza umquba ekhaya, ezidinga futhi ukubola kwezitshalo okungu-90%, kodwa esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezingu-12, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifushane sokwenza umquba ezimbonini.
Izicelo zezimboni, ukukhiqizwa, izindleko kanye nokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo
Izinto ze-ABM Composite zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezentengiselwano, kodwa okuningi akukwazi ukudalulwa ngenxa yezivumelwano zobumfihlo. “Si-oda izinto zethu ukuze zivumelane nezicelo ezifana nezinkomishi, amasoso, amapuleti, izitsha zokudla kanye nezitsha zokugcina ukudla,” kusho uRosling, “kodwa futhi zisetshenziswa njengenye indlela esikhundleni sepulasitiki esekwe kuphethiloli ezitsheni zezimonyo kanye nezinto ezinkulu zasekhaya. Muva nje, izinto zethu zikhethiwe ukuze zisetshenziswe ekwenziweni kwezingxenye ezifakwe emishinini emikhulu yezimboni ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo emavikini angu-2-12. Lezi zinkampani ziye zaqaphela ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ukuqinisa kwethu i-fiber yengilazi ye-X4, lezi zingxenye zemishini zingenziwa ngokumelana nokuguguleka okudingekayo futhi zingafakwa umquba ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Lesi yisisombululo esikhangayo sesikhathi esizayo esiseduze njengoba lezi zinkampani zibhekene nenselele yokuhlangabezana nemithetho emisha yokukhishwa kwemvelo kanye ne-CO2”.
URosling wengeze wathi, “Kukhona futhi intshisekelo ekhulayo ekusebenziseni imicu yethu eqhubekayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezindwangu kanye nezingubo ezingezona ezokwelukwa ukuze kwenziwe izakhi zesakhiwo embonini yokwakha. Siphinde sibone intshisekelo ekusebenziseni imicu yethu ebolayo nge-PA noma i-PP ebolayo kanye nezinto ze-thermoset ezisekelwe ku-bio kodwa ezingabolayo”.
Njengamanje, i-fiberglass ye-X4/5 ibiza kakhulu kune-E-glass, kodwa inani lokukhiqiza nalo lincane kakhulu, kanti i-ABM Composite iphishekela amathuba amaningana okwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza nokwenza kube lula ukwehla kufikela kumathani angu-20,000 ngonyaka njengoba isidingo sikhula, okungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni izindleko. Noma kunjalo, uRosling uthi ezimweni eziningi izindleko ezihambisana nokuhlangabezana nokusimama kanye nezidingo ezintsha zomthetho azikacatshangelwa ngokugcwele. Okwamanje, ukuphuthuma kokusindisa iplanethi kuyakhula. "Umphakathi usuvele ucindezela imikhiqizo eminingi esekelwe ku-bio." Uyachaza, "Kunezikhuthazo eziningi zokuqhubekisela phambili ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela kabusha, umhlaba udinga ukushesha kulokhu futhi ngicabanga ukuthi umphakathi uzokwandisa kuphela ukusunduza kwawo imikhiqizo esekelwe ku-bio esikhathini esizayo".
I-LCA kanye Nenzuzo Yokusimama
URosling uthi izinto ze-ABM Composite zinciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla angavuseleleki ngamaphesenti angama-50-60 ngekhilogramu. “Sisebenzisa i-Environmental Footprint Database 2.0, isethi yedatha ye-GaBi egunyaziwe, kanye nokubalwa kwe-LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) emikhiqizweni yethu ngokusekelwe endleleni echazwe ku-ISO 14040 kanye ne-ISO 14044”.
“Njengamanje, lapho izinto ezihlanganisiwe zifika ekupheleni komjikelezo wazo wokuphila, kudingeka amandla amaningi ukuze kushiswe noma kushiswe imfucuza ehlanganisiwe kanye nemikhiqizo ye-EOL, futhi ukuhlikihla kanye nokwenza umquba kuyindlela ekhangayo, futhi ngokuqinisekile kungenye yeziphakamiso ezibalulekile esizinikezayo, futhi sinikeza uhlobo olusha lokuphinda kusetshenziswe.” URosling uthi, “I-fiberglass yethu yenziwe ngezingxenye zemvelo zamaminerali esezivele zikhona enhlabathini. Pho kungani kungenziwa ngezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe ze-compost EOL, noma kuncibilikiswe imicu evela ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe ezingonakali ngemva kokushiswa bese kusetshenziswe njengomanyolo? Lena inketho yokuphinda kusetshenziswe enesithakazelo sangempela emhlabeni jikelele”.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-27-2024