1. Kupu Whakataki
E whakamārama ana tēnei paerewa i ngā kupu me ngā whakamāramatanga e pā ana ki ngā rauemi whakapakari pērā i te muka karāhe, te muka waro, te kapia, te tāpiri, te matū whakapūkara me te prepreg.
E pā ana tēnei paerewa ki te whakarite me te whakaputa i ngā paerewa e tika ana, tae atu ki te whakarite me te whakaputa i ngā pukapuka, ngā hautaka me ngā tuhinga hangarau e tika ana.
2. Ngā tikanga whānui
2.1Miro kōne (miro Pagoda):He miro whatu kua whiria ki runga i tētahi pōpini kōniko.
2.2Te maimoatanga mata:Hei whakapai ake i te piri ki te kapia matrix, ka rongoatia te mata muka.
2.3Pūhui muka maha:Mō ētahi atu kōrero: he momo papanga he mea hanga mai i ngā monofilaments maha.
2.4Miro kotahi:Ko te tōia tonu māmā rawa atu i hangaia mai i tētahi o ngā rauemi kakahu e whai ake nei:
a) Ko te miro i hangaia mā te whakapiko i ētahi muka motumotu ka kiia he miro muka roa pumau;
b) Ko te miro i hangaia mā te takai i tētahi, i ētahi rānei o ngā miro muka tonu i te wā kotahi, ka kiia he miro muka tonu.
Kia mōhio: i roto i te umanga muka karāhe, ka mirohia te miro kotahi.
2.5Miro monofilament:He wae kakahu angiangi, roa, ka taea te haere tonu, te motu rānei.
2.6Te whānui ingoa o ngā miro:E whakamahia ana hei tohu i te diameter o te muka karāhe monofilament i roto i ngā hua muka karāhe, e tata ana ki tōna diameter toharite tuturu. Ko te μ M te waeine, e pā ana ki te tauoti, ki te haurua tauoti rānei.
2.7Taumaha mō ia horahanga:Ko te ōwehenga o te papatipu o tētahi rauemi papatahi o tētahi rahi ki tōna horahanga.
2.8Muka roa pumau:muka korekore,He papanga kakahu he whānui angiangi motumotu i hangaia i te wā e whakairohia ana.
2.9:Miro muka roa pumau,He miro i mirohia mai i tētahi muka roa pumau.rua ira kotahi koreTe whati i te roaKo te roa o te tauira ina whati i te whakamātautau kume.
2.10Miro maha-whatu:He miro i hangaia mai i ngā miro e rua, neke atu rānei, kāore e mirohia.
Kia mōhio: ka taea te hanga i te miro kotahi, te miro aho, te taura rānei hei takai miro maha.
2.12Miro porowini:He miro i tukatukahia mā te mīhini miro, ā, i takaihia ki runga i te porowhita.
2.13Te nui o te makuku:Ko te nui o te makuku o te matūmua, o te hua rānei i inehia i raro i ngā tikanga kua tohua. Arā, ko te ōwehenga o te rerekētanga i waenga i te papatipu mākū me te papatipu maroke o te tauira ki te papatipu mākū.Uara, e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau.
2.14Miro whatuMiro miroHe miro i hangaia mā te miro i ngā miro e rua, neke atu rānei, i roto i te tukanga whatu kotahi.
2.15Ngā hua ranu:He hua whakahiato i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi muka e rua, neke atu rānei, pērā i te hua whakahiato i hangaia mai i te muka karāhe me te muka waro.
2.16Rahi o te kaihoko rahi:I te hanga muka, he ranunga o ētahi matū e whakamahia ana ki ngā monofilament.
E toru ngā momo mea whakamakuku: te momo kirihou, te momo kakahu, me te momo kirihou kakahu:
- ko te rahi kirihou, e mōhiotia ana ko te rahi whakapakari, ko te rahi hononga rānei, he momo taputapu rahi e taea ai te hono pai i te mata muka me te kapia matihiko. Kei roto ngā wāhanga e pai ana mō te tukatuka, te tono rānei (te takai, te tapahi, me ētahi atu);
-- he taputapu ine kakahu, he taputapu ine kua whakaritea mō te taahiraa e whai ake nei o te tukatuka kakahu (whakakorikori, whakaranu, raranga, me ētahi atu);
- he kaihoko whakamakuku kirihou momo kakahu, ehara i te mea he pai anake mō te tukatuka kakahu e whai ake nei, engari ka taea hoki te whakarei ake i te piri i waenga i te mata muka me te kapia matrix.
2.17Miro whatu:He miro kakahu e takai whakarara ana ki runga i tētahi kakau whenu porotaka nui.
2.18Mōkihi rōra:He miro, he mea hurihuri me ētahi atu waeine ka taea te wetewete, ā, he pai mō te whāwhā, te penapena, te kawe me te whakamahi.
Kia mōhio: ka taea te takai mā te hānehi kore tautoko, te keke hiraka rānei, te wae takai rānei i hangaia mā ngā tikanga takai rerekē i runga i te poroporo, te ngongo whatu, te ngongo koeko, te ngongo takai, te pōro, te poroporo, te kakau raranga rānei.
2.19Te kaha pakaru kume:te pakari o te pakaru kumeI roto i te whakamātautau kume, ko te kaha pakaru kume mō ia wāhanga horahanga, te mātotoru rārangi rānei o te tauira. Ko te wāhanga o te monofilament ko PA, ā, ko te wāhanga o te miro ko n / tex.
2.20I roto i te whakamātautau kume, ko te kaha mōrahi i pā ki te pakaru o te tauira, i roto i te n.
2.21Miro taura:He miro i hangaia mā te miro i ngā aho e rua, neke atu rānei (te hononga rānei o ngā aho me ngā miro takitahi) kia kotahi, kia maha rānei ngā wā.
2.22Pōro pounamu miraka:He miro takai he rite te āhua ki te pounamu miraka.
2.23Takahuri:Ko te maha o ngā takahuri o te miro i roto i tētahi roa i te ahunga tuaka, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te miro/mita.
2.24Taupū taurite takahuri:I muri i te miro, ka taurite te miro.
2.25Huri whakamuri:Ko ia takai o te miro miro ko te nekehanga koki o te hurihanga whanaunga i waenga i ngā wāhanga miro i te ahunga tuaka. Takahia whakamuri me te nekehanga koki o te 360°.
2.26Te ahunga o te takai:I muri i te miro, ko te ahunga whakarara o te miro matua i roto i te miro kotahi, i te miro kotahi rānei i roto i te miro miro. Mai i te kokonga matau o raro ki te kokonga maui o runga ka kiia ko te miro S, ā, mai i te kokonga maui o raro ki te kokonga matau o runga ka kiia ko te miro Z.
2.27Miro miro:He kupu whānui tēnei mō ngā momo papanga hanganga, he miro, he kore miro rānei, he mea hanga ki ngā muka tonu me ngā muka roa pumau.
2.28Miro hokohoko:Ka hangaia he miro e te wheketere hei hoko.
2.29Taura taura:Ko te miro muka tonu, te miro muka roa pumau rānei, he hanganga miro i hangaia mā te takai, te miro, te raranga rānei.
2.30Tōia tōia:He rauemi kāore anō kia mirohia, he tini ngā monofilament kei roto.
2.31Te tauwehenga o te ngāwari:Ko te ōwehenga o te ahotea me te taumahatanga o tētahi mea i roto i te rohe elasticity. Kei reira te modulus elasticity kume me te modulus elasticity pēhanga (e mōhiotia ana ko te modulus elasticity a young), te modulus elasticity kutikuti me te piko, me te PA (Pascal) hei waeine.
2.32Te mātotoru o te papatipu:Te mātotoru āhua o ngā rauemi wetewete pērā i te paura me ngā rauemi kirikiri.
2.33Hua kua whakaritea te rahi:Tangohia te miro, te papanga rānei o te kaihoko whakamakuku, te rahi rānei mā te whakarewa tika, mā te horoi wera rānei.
2.34Piri miro ngongo whatuHiraka pīni
He miro kotahi, he miro maha rānei o te whatu e takai ana ki tētahi ngongo whatu.
2.35mukamukaHe rauemi miro angiangi me te ōwehenga āhua nui.
2.36Tukutuku muka:Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga motuhake, ka whakaritea ngā rauemi muka ki roto i te hanganga papa whatunga i roto i te aronga, i te kore aronga rānei, e pā ana ki ngā hua haurua-oti.
2.37Te mātotoru rārangi:Ko te papatipu mō ia wae roa o te miro me te mea whakamakuku, kāore rānei, i roto i te kuputuhi.
Kia mōhio: i roto i te whakaingoatanga miro, ko te mātotoru rārangi e pā ana ki te mātotoru o te miro tahanga kua maroke, ā, kāore he matū whakamakuku.
2.38Te tūāpapa o te whenu:He tō kotahi, kāore i miro, he paku herea, e kumea ana i te wā kotahi.
2.39Te āheinga ki te hanga i tētahi whāriki, i tētahi papanga rāneiTe āheinga ki te hanga i te huruhuru hipi, i te papanga rānei
Ko te nui o te uauatanga o te huruhuru hipi, te papanga rānei kua mākūhia ki te kapia kia piri pūmau ai ki te pokepokea ai o tētahi āhua.
3. Karāhe muka
3.1 muka karāhe Ar muka karāhe ātete kawakore
Ka taea e ia te ātete i te mimiti roa o ngā matū kawakore. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei whakapakari i te muka karāhe o te sima Portland.
3.2 Te wairewatanga o te styrene: Ina rumakina te muka karāhe tapatapahi ki roto i te styrene, ko te wā e hiahiatia ana kia whati te muka nā te wairewatanga o te here i raro i tētahi kawenga kume.
3.3 Miro kakano Miro matotoru
Ko te miro papanga muka karāhe tonu (miro kotahi, miro hiato rānei) he miro matotoru i hangaia mā te whakamarara i te monofilament i muri i te maimoatanga whakarerekētanga.
3.4 Whāriki mata: He rau kiato i hangaia ki te muka karāhe monofilament (roa pumau, roa tonu rānei) kua herea, ā, ka whakamahia hei paparanga mata o ngā mea hiato.
Tirohia: he mea whakakikorua ki te muka (3.22).
3.5 Muka karāhe muka karāhe
Ko te tikanga e pā ana ki te muka karāhe, ki te miro rānei i hangaia mai i te silicate rewa.
3.6 Ngā hua muka karāhe pania: Ngā hua muka karāhe pania ki te kirihou, ki ētahi atu rauemi rānei.
3.7 Te whakarōpūtanga rīpene rohe Ko te āheinga o te muka karāhe e hurihuri ana ki te hanga rīpene mā te hononga paku i waenga i ngā miro whakarara.
3.8 Kaihanga Kiriata: He wāhanga nui o te kaitārai. Ko tana mahi he hanga i tētahi kiriata ki runga i te mata o te muka, hei ārai i te pakaru, hei whakahaere hoki i te hononga me te puranga o ngā monofilaments.
Muka karāhe 3.9 D Muka karāhe iti-whakakorenga hiko Muka karāhe i tangohia mai i te karāhe iti-whakakorenga hiko. He iti ake tōna pūmau whakakorenga hiko me te ngaronga whakakorenga hiko i ērā o te muka karāhe kore-kawakore.
3.10 Whāriki Monofilament: He rauemi hanganga papatahi e honoa ana ngā monofilament muka karāhe tonu ki tētahi mea here.
3.11 Ngā hua muka karāhe roa pumau: E pā ana te tauira whaipainga ki tētahi hua i hangaia mai i te muka karāhe roa pumau.
3.12 Miro muka roa pumau: Ko ngā muka roa pumau he mea whakarite kia whakarara, ā, he paku miro hei paihere muka tonu.
3.13 Te āheinga ki te tapatapahi: Ko te uaua o te tapahi i te muka karāhe, i te matū rānei i raro i tētahi kawenga tapahi poto.
3.14 Ngā aho kua tapatapahia: He muka poto tonu, he mea hanga mai i te muka, kāore he momo whakakotahitanga.
3.15 Whāriki miro tapatapahi: He rauemi hanganga papatahi i hangaia mai i te muka tonu kua tapatapahia, kua tohatohahia matapōkeretia, ā, kua herea ngātahi ki te piripiri.
3.16 Muka karāhe E Muka karāhe kore-kawakawa Muka karāhe he iti noa te nui o te waikura konganuku kawakawa, ā, he pai te ārai hiko (ko te nuinga o te wā he iti iho i te 1% te nui o te waikura konganuku kawakawa).
Kia mōhio: i tēnei wā, ko ngā paerewa hua muka karāhe kore-waikawa o Haina e kī ana kāore te ihirangi o te waikura konganuku kawakawa e neke ake i te 0.8%.
3.17 Karāhe kakahu: Te kupu whānui mō ngā rauemi kakahu i hangaia ki te muka karāhe tonu, ki te muka karāhe roa pumau rānei hei rauemi turanga.
3.18 Te whai huatanga o te wehewehe: Ko te whai huatanga o te haereere kāore i whiria ka marara ki ngā wāhanga matua o te aho kotahi i muri i te tapahi poto.
3.19 Whāriki tuitui Whāriki whatu He mea whatu ki te muka karāhe, he mea hanga ki te koiri.
Kia mōhio: tirohia te huruhuru hipi (3.48).
3.20 Miro tuitui: He miro paparanga maeneene, he miro tere, he mea hanga ki te muka karāhe tonu, e whakamahia ana mō te tuitui.
3.21 Whāriki hiato: Ko ētahi momo rauemi whakakaha muka karāhe he rauemi hanganga papatahi e herea ana mā te tikanga miihini, matū rānei.
Kia mōhio: ko ngā rauemi whakapakari he mea hanga mai i te matū kua tapatapahia, te matū kua mau tonu, te kākano matotoru kāore i whiria me ētahi atu.
3.22 Ārai karāhe: He rauemi hanganga papatahi i hangaia ki te muka karāhe monofilament tonu (tapahia rānei) me te hononga pakupaku.
3.23 Muka karāhe silika teitei muka karāhe silika teitei
He muka karāhe i hangaia mā te maimoatanga waikawa me te whakahinuhinu i muri i te tānga karāhe. Neke atu i te 95% te nui o te silica.
3.24 Tapahia ngā miro Muka roa pumau (kua whakakahoretia) Ka tapahia te muka karāhe mua mai i te rango mua, ka tapahia kia rite ki te roa e hiahiatia ana.
Tirohia: muka roa pumau (2.8)
3.25 Toenga rahi: Ko te nui o te waro o te muka karāhe kei roto te matū whakamakuku kakahu e toe ana ki runga i te muka i muri i te horoinga wera, e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau papatipu.
3.26 Te hekenga o te kaihoko rahi: Te tango i te kaihoko whakamakuku muka karāhe mai i roto o te paparanga hiraka ki te paparanga mata.
3.27 Te tere o te makuku: He taupū kounga mō te ine i te muka karāhe hei whakakaha. Whakatauhia te wā e hiahiatia ana kia whakakī katoatia te kapia i te mua me te monofilament e ai ki tētahi tikanga. Ka whakaatuhia te waeine i roto i ngā hēkona.
3.28 Te hurihuri kore-whiri (mō te wetewete i te pito): Te hurihuri kore-whiri mā te hurihuri paku i te wā e hono ana i ngā miro. Ina whakamahia tēnei hua, ka taea te wetewete i te miro i tangohia mai i te pito o te kete hei miro me te kore e hurihuri.
3.29 Te nui o ngā mea mura: Ko te ōwehenga o te ngaronga i te mura ki te papatipu maroke o ngā hua muka karāhe maroke.
3.30 Ngā hua muka karāhe tonu: E pā ana te tauira whaipainga ki tētahi hua i hangaia mai i ngā paihere muka karāhe tonu, he muka roa.
3.31 Whāriki miro tonu: He rauemi hanganga papatahi i hangaia mā te here i te muka tonu kāore anō kia tapahia ki te piripiri.
3.32 Taura potae: Ko te miro muka tonu he miro maha-whiri i hangaia mā te whakakī me te takai i ngā wā maha. He mea whakamahi whānuitia hei whakapakari i ngā hua rapa.
Muka karāhe 3.33 M Muka karāhe tauwehe teitei Muka karāhe ngāwari teitei (kua whakakahoretia)
He muka karāhe i hangaia ki te karāhe modulus teitei. Ko tōna modulus pīngore he 25% teitei ake i te muka karāhe E.
3.34 Te haereere Terry: He haereere i hangaia e te takahuri me te taupatupatu o te muka karāhe, e whakapakaritia ana i ētahi wā e tētahi, e ētahi rānei o ngā mua tika.
3.35 Ngā muka mira: He muka poto rawa i hangaia mā te huri.
3.36 Ārai here here He rauemi e whakamahia ana ki ngā miro, ki ngā monofilament rānei hei whakau i a rātou ki te āhua tohatoha e hiahiatia ana. Mēnā ka whakamahia ki te whāriki miro tapatapahi, ki te whāriki miro tonu me te muka whatu.
3.37 Kaihoko honohono: He matū e whakatairanga ana, e whakatū ana rānei i tētahi hononga kaha ake i waenganui i te hononga i waenganui i te anga kapia me te rauemi whakakaha.
Kia mōhio: ka taea te tāpiri i te āpitihanga ki te rauemi whakakaha, te tāpiri rānei ki te kapia, ki ngā mea e rua rānei.
3.38 Whakaotinga hononga: He rauemi e whakamahia ana ki te papanga muka karāhe hei whakarato i te hononga pai i waenga i te mata muka karāhe me te kapia.
3.39 S muka karāhe Muka karāhe kaha teitei Ko te kaha taiao hou o te muka karāhe i hangaia ki te pūnaha karāhe silicon konumohe konupora he nui ake i te 25% i tērā o te muka karāhe kore-waikawa.
3.40 Whāriki takoto mākū: Mā te whakamahi i te muka karāhe tapatapahi hei rauemi mata, me te tāpiri i ētahi matū hei whakamarara ki roto i te paru wai, ka hangaia hei rauemi hanganga papatahi mā roto i ngā tukanga tārua, whakamaroke, whakarahi me te whakamaroke.
3.41 Muka karāhe pania ki te konganuku: Muka karāhe me te mata muka kotahi, te mata paihere muka rānei kua pania ki te kiriata konganuku.
3.42 Matawhenua Whenua: E pā ana te tauira whaipainga ki tētahi mata kua pania ki te muka karāhe kirihou, ki te mata kua pania ki te uku rānei mō te hangarau whenua me te hangarau ā-iwi.
3.43 Te haereereere: He paihere o ngā miro whakarara (te haereereere miro maha) he miro kotahi whakarara rānei (te haereereere tika) kua honoa me te kore e takai.
3.44 Muka rauropi hou: Tōia te muka ki raro i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, ka ārai ā-ringa i te monofilament hou kua hangaia, me te kore e pakaru i raro i te pereti turuturu kume.
3.45 Pakari: Ko te nui o te kore e ngāwari te huri i te āhua o te muka karāhe e hurihuri ana, e te mea hanga mua rānei, nā te ahotea. Ina whakairihia te miro ki tētahi tawhiti mai i waenganui, ka tohuhia tēnei e te tawhiti whakairi i waenganui o raro o te miro.
3.46 Te pumau o te aho: Kāore te monofilament i roto i te ira matua e ngāwari ki te marara, ki te whati me te huruhuru, ā, he kaha ki te pupuri i te ira matua kia mau tonu hei paihere.
3.47 Pūnaha whenu: E ai ki te whanaungatanga maha me te haurua maha o te muka tonu o mua, ka hanumihia, ka whakaritea ki tētahi raupapa motuhake.
Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te kiato rārangi o te matū mua, te maha o ngā muka (te maha o ngā kōhao i roto i te pereti turuturu) me te whānui o te muka e whakaatuhia ana e te tātai (1):
d=22.46 × (1)
Kei hea: D - te whānui muka, μ m；
T - te kiato rārangi o te mua, Tex;
N - te maha o ngā muka
3.48 Whāriki whatu: He hanganga papatahi kei roto ko ngā miro tonu kua tapatapahia, kāore rānei i tapahia, e anga tahi ana, kāore rānei i te anga tahi.
3.49 Whāriki ngira: Ko te huruhuru i hangaia mā te hono i ngā huānga ki runga i te mīhini wero ngira, ka taea te whakamahi, te kore rānei i te rauemi papa.
Kia mōhio: tirohia te huruhuru hipi (3.48).
toru ira rima kore
Te haereere tika
Ka takai tikahia he maha o ngā monofilament ki roto i tētahi porowhita kore-whiri i raro i te pereti turuturu kume.
3.50 Muka karāhe kawakore waenga: He momo muka karāhe i hangaia i Haina. Ko te nui o te waikura konganuku kawakore he tata ki te 12%.
4. Muka waro
4.1muka waro PANmuka waro PANMuka waro i hangaia mai i te anga polyacrylonitrile (Pan).
Kia mōhio: e pā ana ngā panonitanga o te kaha kume me te modulus rapa ki te warohanga.
Tirohia: te anga muka waro (4.7).
4.2Muka waro turanga papa:Muka waro i hangaia mai i te anga uku anisotropic, isotropic rānei.
Kia mōhio: he teitei ake te modulus elastic o te muka waro i hangaia mai i te matrix uku anisotropic i tērā o ngā matrices e rua.
Tirohia: te anga muka waro (4.7).
4.3Muka waro i ahu mai i te viscose:Muka waro i hangaia mai i te anga viscose.
Kia mōhio: kua mutu te hanga muka waro mai i te papanga viscose, ā, he iti noa iho te papanga viscose e whakamahia ana mō te hanga.
Tirohia: te anga muka waro (4.7).
4.4Te whakairoiro:Te whakamahana i roto i te hau kore mahi, i te nuinga o te wā i te pāmahana teitei ake i muri i te whakawaro.
Kia mōhio: ko te "whakakāwhata" i roto i te ahumahi ko te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te muka waro, engari he uaua ki te kimi i te hanganga o te kāwhata.
4.5Te whakapūngao waro:Te tukanga maimoatanga wera mai i te anga muka waro ki te muka waro i roto i te hau kore mahi.
4.6Muka waro:Ngā muka he nui ake i te 90% (ōrau papatipu) te ihirangi waro i hangaia mā te whakakorikori i ngā muka waro.
Kia mōhio: ko te tikanga ka whakarōpūtia ngā muka waro i runga i ō rātou āhuatanga hangarau, inā koa te kaha kume me te tauwehenga pīngore.
4.7Pūmua muka waro:He muka waro ka taea te huri hei muka waro mā te whakapūkara.
Kia mōhio: ko te miro tonu te nuinga o te wā, engari ka whakamahia anō hoki te papanga whatu, te papanga whatu, te papanga whatu me te huruhuru hipi.
Tirohia: muka waro polyacrylonitrile (4.1), muka waro uku (4.2), muka waro viscose (4.3).
4.8Muka kāore i rongoatia:Ngā muka kāore he maimoatanga mata.
4.9Te waikura:Te waikura i mua i te whakapūkara o ngā rauemi matua pērā i te polyacrylonitrile, te uku me te viscose i te rangi i mua i te whakapūkara me te whakakāwhata.
5. Kakahu
5.1Kakahu hipoki pakitaraUhi pakitaraHe papanga papatahi mō te whakapaipai pakitara
5.2Te whiriHe tikanga whatu miro, he tikanga hurihuri kore rānei
5.3WhiriHe papanga i hangaia mai i ētahi miro kakahu kua whiria whakarara tetahi ki tetahi, ā, ko te ahunga o te miro me te ahunga roa o te papanga ehara i te 0°, i te 90° rānei.
5.4Miro tohuHe miro he rerekē te tae, te hanganga rānei, i te miro whakapakari i roto i te papanga, e whakamahia ana hei tautuhi i ngā hua, hei whakahaere rānei i te whakaritenga o ngā papanga i te wā e whakairohia ana.
5.5Te whakaotinga o te kaihoko maimoatangaHe mea hono e whakamahia ana ki ngā hua muka karāhe kakahu hei whakakotahi i te mata o te muka karāhe ki te hanganga kapia, i te nuinga o te wā i runga i ngā kakahu.
5.6Kakahu kotahi-angiHe hanganga papatahi me te rerekētanga mārama o te maha o ngā miro i ngā ahunga o te whenu me te whatu. (hei tauira, ko te papanga whatu kotahi te ahunga).
5.7Kakahu whatu muka matuaHe miro muka karāhe roa pumau te miro whenu me te miro whatu.
5.8Whatu satinE rima pea ngā miro whatu me ngā miro whatu i roto i te kiko katoa; Kotahi anake te pūwāhi whakaritenga whānui (roa) i runga i ia whānui (whanui); Ko te papanga he nui ake te tau rere i te 1, ā, kāore he wehewehenga ōrite me te maha o ngā miro e rere ana i roto i te papanga. Ko ngā mea he nui ake ngā pūwāhi whatu he satin whatu, ā, ko ngā mea he nui ake ngā pūwāhi whatu he satin whatu.
5.9Kakahu maha-paparangaHe hanganga kakahu i hangaia mai i ngā paparanga e rua, neke atu rānei, o ngā rauemi ōrite, rerekē rānei mā te tuitui, mā te hononga matū rānei, ā, ka whakaritea kia whakarara te paparanga kotahi, neke atu rānei, me te kore he miro. Tērā pea he rerekē ngā aronga o ngā miro o ia paparanga, ā, he rerekē hoki ngā matotoru raina. Kei roto hoki i ētahi hanganga paparanga hua te huruhuru hipi, te kiriata, te pahuka, me ētahi atu me ngā rauemi rerekē.
5.10Kākahu kore-whatuHe whatunga o ngā miro kore-whatu i hangaia mā te here i ngā paparanga miro e rua, neke atu rānei, ki tētahi mea here. Kei te koki te miro i te paparanga o muri ki te miro i te paparanga o mua.
5.11WhānuiKo te tawhiti poutū mai i te whenu tuatahi o te kakahu ki te taha o waho o te whenu whakamutunga.
5.12Ko te kopere me te kopere whatuHe āhua hē tēnei e rite ai te whānui o te miro whatu ki te papanga, ā, ka hanga he pewa.
Kia mōhio: ko te āhua hapa o te miro whatu pewa ka kiia he bow warp, ā, ko tōna kupu Ingarihi e rite ana ko "bow".
5.13Ngongo (i roto i ngā Kakahu)He kiko ngongo he whānui papatahi neke atu i te 100 mm.
Tirohia: te pū (5.30).
5.14Pēke tātariHe mea hanga te kakahu hina i roto i te āhua pōke mā te whakamahana, te whakakīkī, te tunu me te tukatuka muri, e whakamahia ana mō te tātari hau me te tango puehu ahumahi.
5.15Tohu wāhanga matotoru me te angiangikakahu pōkarekareKo te āhua o ngā wāhanga matotoru, angiangi rānei o te papanga i puta mai i te miro matotoru rawa, angiangi rawa rānei.
5.16Kakahu i muri i te otingaKātahi ka honoa te papanga kua tapahia te rahi ki te papanga kua maimoatia.
Tirohia: te tango i te kakahu (5.35).
5.17Kakahu whakaranuKo te miro whenu, te miro whatu rānei, he kakahu i hangaia ki te miro whakaranu i mirohia e ngā miro muka e rua, neke atu rānei.
5.18Kakahu ranuHe papanga i hangaia mai i ngā miro e rua neke atu, he tino rerekē.
5.19Kakahu whatuI roto i ngā mīhini raranga, e rua ngā rōpū miro e whatu poutū ana tetahi ki tetahi, i tētahi koki motuhake rānei.
5.20Kakahu pania ki te rapaKakahu rapa (kua whakakahoretia)Ka tukatukahia te papanga mā te tō me te pani ki te rapa tūturu, ki te rapa hangai rānei.
5.21Kakahu whiriHe rerekē ngā rauemi, ngā momo miro rānei e hangaia ai ngā miro whenu me ngā miro whatu.
5.22Ka mutu a LenoTe āhua o te ngaro o te miro whenu i te remu
5.23Te matotoru o te whenuTe matotoru o te whenuKo te maha o ngā miro whenu mō ia roa i te ahunga miro o te papanga, e whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā wahi / cm.
5.24Wāhanga, wāhangaHe miro kua whakaritea i te roanga o te papanga (arā, ko te ahunga 0°).
5.25Kakahu whatu muka tonuHe papanga i hangaia ki ngā muka tonu i ngā taha e rua o te whenu me te miro.
5.26Te roa o te pūweroKo te tawhiti mai i te taha o te whenu i te taha o te papanga ki te taha o te whatu.
5.27Kakahu hinaKo te kakahu kāore anō kia oti te hanga ka tukua ki te mīhini whatu hei tukatuka anō.
5.28Whatu maKa whatuhia ngā miro whenu me ngā miro whatu ki te papanga ripeka. I roto i te whakaritenga katoa, e rua ngā miro whenu me ngā miro whatu.
5.29Kakahu kua oti kē te whakaotiHe papanga me te miro muka karāhe kei roto ko te kaihoko whakamakuku kirihou hei rauemi mata.
Tirohia: te kaihoko whakamakuku (2.16).
5.30Te moe o te pouakaHe kiko ngongo, he whānui papatahi kāore e neke atu i te 100 mm.
Tirohia: paipa (5.13).
5.31Kakahu motuhakeTe ingoa e tohu ana i te āhua o te papanga. Ko ngā mea tino noa ko:
- "tōkena";
- "ngā porowhita";
- "ngā preforms", me ētahi atu
5.32Te uruhanga o te hauTe uruhanga hau o te papanga. Te tere o te haere poutū o te hau mā roto i te tauira i raro i te rohe whakamātautau kua tohua me te rerekētanga pēhanga
E whakaatuhia ana i roto i te cm / s.
5.33Kakahu pania kirihouKa tukatukahia te papanga mā te paninga PVC, ētahi atu kirihou rānei.
5.34Mata whakakikoruatia kirihoukupenga pania ki te kirihouNgā hua i hangaia ki te papanga mata kua toua ki te polyvinyl chloride, ki ētahi atu kirihou rānei.
5.35Kakahu kua whakaritea te rahiHe papanga i hangaia ki te kakahu hina i muri i te tango i te rahi.
Tirohia: te kakahu hina (5.27), te tango i ngā hua (2.33).
5.36Te pakari o te pikoTe pakari me te ngāwari o te papanga hei ātete i te piko me te whakarerekētanga.
5.37Te mātotoru o te whakakīTe mātotoru o te whatuKo te maha o ngā miro whatu mō ia roa i te ahunga whenu o te papanga, e whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā wahi / cm.
5.38WhatuKo te miro e anga tika ana ki te whenu (arā, 90° te ahunga) ka rere i waenganui i ngā taha e rua o te kakahu.
5.39Te whakahāweatanga o te hekengaKo te āhua o te whatu he piko te whenu o te papanga, kāore i te poutū ki te whenu.
5.40He mea whatu haereereHe papanga i hangaia ki te miro hurihuri kore.
5.41Rīpene kāore he hereKaua te whānui o te papanga karāhe kākahu, kāhore he herenga, e neke ake i te 100mm.
Tirohia: he papanga whaiti kāore he tarau (5.42).
5.42Kakahu whaiti, kāore he hereHe papanga kāore he tarau, he iti iho i te 600mm te whānui.
5.43Whatu tīwiriHe whatu papanga e hanga ana ngā pito whatu miro, miro rānei i tētahi tauira whakarara tonu. E toru pea ngā miro whatu me ngā miro miro i roto i tētahi kiko katoa.
5.44Rīpene me te hereHe papanga karāhe he tarau, kāore te whānui e neke ake i te 100mm.
Tirohia: he papanga whaiti te taha o te kakau (5.45).
5.45Kakahu whaiti me ngā hereHe papanga he tarau poto, he iti iho i te 300 mm te whānui.
5.46Kanohi ikaHe wāhi iti kei runga i te papanga e ārai ana i te whakakī o te kapia, he hapa i puta mai i te pūnaha kapia, i te papanga, i te maimoatanga rānei.
5.47Ngā kapua rarangaKa ārai te taurite o te tohatoha o te whenu i te kakahu i whatuhia i raro i te taumahatanga kore taurite, ka hua ake he āhua hē o ngā wāhanga matotoru me ngā wāhanga angiangi.
5.48WhakapikoKo te tohu o te kakahu muka karāhe i hangaia mā te huripokitia, te taupatupatu, te pēhanga rānei i te korukoru.
5.49Kakahu whatuHe papanga papatahi, he papanga ngongo rānei i hangaia ki te miro muka kakahu, he mowhiti e honoa tahitia ana.
5.50He papanga whatu weteweteKo te hanganga papatahi i hangaia mā te raranga i ngā miro whenu me ngā miro whatu he whānui te tawhiti.
5.51Te hanganga papangaKo te tikanga, e pā ana ki te mātotoru o te papanga, ā, kei roto hoki ko tōna whakaritenga i te tikanga whānui.
5.52Te matotoru o te papangaKo te tawhiti poutū i waenganui i ngā mata e rua o te papanga i inehia i raro i te pēhanga kua tohua.
5.53Te maha o ngā papangaKo te maha o ngā miro mō ia roa i ngā ahunga whenu me te whatu o te papanga, e whakaatuhia ana ko te maha o ngā miro whenu / cm × Te maha o ngā miro whatu / cm.
5.54Te pumau o te papangaE tohu ana i te pakari o te hononga o te whenu me te whatu i roto i te papanga, e whakaatuhia ana e te kaha e whakamahia ana ina unuhia te miro i roto i te rīpene tauira mai i te hanganga papanga.
5.55Te momo whakahaere o te rarangaHe tauira auau tonu, he mea whatu mai i te whenu me te miro, pērā i te miro ma, te miro hārini me te miro twill.
5.56Ngā hapaNgā hapa o te papanga e ngoikore ai tōna kounga me tōna mahi, e pā ai hoki ki tōna āhua.
6. Ngā kapia me ngā tāpiringa
6.1KaiwhakaohoKaiwhakateretereHe matū ka taea te tere ake i te tauhohenga i roto i te iti o te rahinga. E ai ki te ariā, kāore ōna āhuatanga matū e rerekē tae noa ki te mutunga o te tauhohenga.
6.2Te whakaora i te rongoāwhakaoraKo te tukanga huri i tētahi prepolymer, i tētahi polymer rānei hei rauemi whakapakeke mā te polymerization me/te hononga whakawhiti rānei.
6.3I muri i te rongoāI muri i te tunuWhakawerahia te mea whakarewa i hangaia ki te rauemi whakamahana kia maroke rawa.
6.4Reiti MatrixHe rauemi whakahāngai wera.
6.5Hononga whakawhiti (kupumahi) hononga whakawhiti (kupumahi)He hononga e hanga ana i ngā hononga irahiko, i ngā hononga katote rānei i waenganui i ngā mekameka pūmua.
6.6Hononga whakawhitiKo te tukanga o te hanga hononga kōtui, hononga katote rānei i waenganui i ngā mekameka pūmua.
6.7RukuhiaKo te tukanga e werohia ai he pūmua, he monomer rānei ki roto i tētahi mea mā te taha o tētahi pūaha angiangi, mā te rere o te wai, te rewa, te horapa, te whakarewa rānei.
6.8Wā tiēre wā tiēreTe wā e hiahiatia ana mō te hanganga o ngā kirikiri i raro i ngā tikanga pāmahana kua tohua.
6.9TāpiriHe matū e tāpirihia ana hei whakapai ake, hei whakarerekē rānei i ētahi āhuatanga o tētahi pūmua.
6.10WhakakīHe matū totoka kore mahi kei te tāpirihia ki ngā kirihou hei whakapai ake i te kaha o te anga, ngā āhuatanga ratonga me te ngāwari o te tukatuka, hei whakaiti rānei i te utu.
6.11Wāhanga taeHe matū e whakamahia ana mō te tae, he kirikiri angiangi te nuinga o te wā, ā, kāore e wairewa.
6.12Te rā paunga o te ora o te kohuate oranga mahiTe wā e mau tonu ai te whai huatanga o te kapia, o te piripiri rānei.
6.13KaiwhakamātotoruHe tāpiri e whakanui ana i te matotoru mā te tauhohenga matū.
6.14Te roa o te orangate roa o te rokirokiI raro i ngā tikanga kua tohua, ka mau tonu ngā āhuatanga e tumanakohia ana (pēnei i te ngāwari ki te tukatuka, te kaha, me ētahi atu) mō te wā rokiroki.
7. Pūhui whakapūkara me te whakarite i mua
7.1 Kirihou whakakaha muka karāhe Kirihou whakakaha karāhe GRP Rauemi hiato me te muka karāhe, ōna hua rānei hei whakakaha, me te kirihou hei whāriki.
7.2 Ngā whakaritenga whakarite kotahi-angihanga He hanganga kotahi-angihanga kua whakakiia ki te pūnaha kapia whakatakoto wera, ki te pūnaha kapia kirihou wera rānei.
Kia mōhio: ko te rīpene kore-weftless kotahi-angi he momo whakarite-whakamua kotahi-angi.
7.3 Te iti o te mimiti I roto i te raupapa hua, e pā ana ki te kāwai me te mimiti rārangi o te 0.05% ~ 0.2% i te wā e whakamaroke ana.
7.4 Taumata hiko I roto i te raupapa hua, e tohu ana i te kāwai me whai i te mahi hiko kua tohua.
7.5 Te Tauhohenga E pā ana tēnei ki te pikinga mōrahi o te mahi pāmahana-wā o te ranunga whakatakoto wera i te wā o te tauhohenga whakamaroke, me te ℃ / s hei waeine.
7.6 Te whanonga whakamaroke Te wā whakamaroke, te whānui wera, te mimiti whakamaroke me te mimiti kupenga o te ranunga whakamahana i te wā e hangaia ana.
7.7 Matū whakahāngai matotoru TMC Matū whakahāngai pepa neke atu i te 25mm.
7.8 Ranunga He ranunga ōrite o tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā pūmua me ētahi atu kai, pērā i ngā whakakī, ngā mea whakapūmau kirihou, ngā mea whakakorikori me ngā mea tae.
7.9 Te nui o te korenga o te wai Ko te ōwehenga o te rōrahi korenga o te wai ki te rōrahi katoa i roto i ngā mea whakahiato, e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau.
7.10 Pūhui whakarewa papatipu BMC
He hua poraka kua oti-haurua tēnei, he mea hanga mai i te mata kapia, te muka whakapakari tapatapahi me te whakakī motuhake (kāore rānei he whakakī). Ka taea te whakarewa, te werohanga rānei i raro i ngā tikanga pēhi wera.
Kia mōhio: tāpirihia he matū whakamātotoru hei whakapai ake i te matotoru.
7.11 Te Whakapūtanga I raro i te kukume a te taputapu kukume, ka whakamahanahia te muka tonu, ōna hua rānei kua whakakiia ki te wai kāpia kapia mā roto i te pokepoke hanga hei whakapakeke i te kapia, ā, ka puta tonu te tukanga hanga o te kōtaha hiato.
7.12 Ngā Wāhanga Pultruded Ko ngā hua hiato whiri roa e hangaia tonutia ana mā te tukanga pultrusion he rite tonu te horahanga me te āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga.
Wā tuku: Maehe-15-2022