1. Mawu Oyamba
Muyezo uwu umatchula mawu ndi matanthauzo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zida zolimbikitsira monga galasi fiber, carbon fiber, resin, additive, molding compound ndi prepreg.
Muyezo uwu umagwira ntchito pakukonzekera ndi kufalitsa miyezo yoyenera, komanso kukonzekera ndi kufalitsa mabuku oyenera, ma periodicals ndi zolemba zamakono.
2. Mawu onse
2.1Ulusi wa Cone (Pagoda thonje):Chopingasa ulusi wansalu pabwalo lopindika.
2.2Chithandizo chapamwamba:Pofuna kukonza zomatira ndi utomoni wa matrix, fiber surface imathandizidwa.
2.3Multifiber Bundle:Kuti mudziwe zambiri: mtundu wa nsalu zopangidwa ndi ma monofilaments angapo.
2.4Ulusi Umodzi:Kukokera kosavuta kosalekeza kokhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotsatirazi:
a) Ulusi womwe umapangidwa popotoza ulusi wambiri wosapitirira umatchedwa ulusi wokhazikika;
b) Ulusi wopangidwa popotoza ulusi umodzi kapena zingapo zopitirira nthawi imodzi umatchedwa ulusi wopitirizabe.
Chidziwitso: mumakampani opanga magalasi, ulusi umodzi umapindika.
2.5Monofilament filament:Chigawo cha nsalu zopyapyala komanso zazitali, zomwe zimatha kukhala zopitilira kapena zosiya.
2.6Mwadzina awiri a filaments:Izo ntchito chizindikiro awiri a galasi CHIKWANGWANI monofilament mu galasi CHIKWANGWANI mankhwala, amene pafupifupi wofanana ake enieni pafupifupi awiri.yokhala ndi μ M ndi gawo, lomwe liri pafupi ndi nambala yonse kapena semi integer.
2.7Misa pagawo lililonse:Chiŵerengero cha unyinji wa zinthu lathyathyathya za kukula kwake ndi dera lake.
2.8Utali wokhazikika:discontinuous fiber,Nsalu zakuthupi zokhala ndi mainchesi abwino osapitilira zomwe zimapangidwa pakuwumba.
2.9:Utali wokhazikika wa fiber,Ulusi wopota kuchokera ku ulusi wautali wokhazikika.mfundo ziwiri ziro imodziKuphwanya elongationKutalikirana kwa chitsanzocho pamene chikusweka mu mayeso othamanga.
2.10Ulusi wamabala angapo:Ulusi wopangidwa ndi zingwe ziwiri kapena kuposerapo osapota.
Chidziwitso: ulusi umodzi, ulusi wa strand kapena chingwe zitha kupangidwa kukhala zomangira zamitundu yambiri.
2.12Ulusi wa Bobbin:Ulusi wopangidwa ndi makina opotoka ndi bala pa bobbin.
2.13Chinyezi:Chinyezi cha kalambulabwalo kapena mankhwala amayezedwa pamikhalidwe yodziwika.Ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero cha kusiyana pakati pa misa yonyowa ndi yowuma ya chitsanzo ndi misa yonyowaMtengo, wowonetsedwa ngati peresenti.
2.14Plied ulusiUlusi wa StrandUlusi wopangidwa popotoza ulusi uwiri kapena kuposerapo munjira imodzi.
2.15Zopangira Zophatikiza:Chophatikiza chopangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo, monga chophatikiza chopangidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi ndi kaboni fiber.
2.16Kukula kwa wothandizira:Popanga ulusi, kusakaniza kwa mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku monofilaments.
Pali mitundu itatu ya zinthu zonyowetsa: mtundu wa pulasitiki, mtundu wa nsalu ndi mtundu wa pulasitiki wa nsalu:
- Kukula kwa pulasitiki, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kulimbikitsa kukula kapena kuphatikizika kukula, ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimatha kupanga utomoni wa fiber pamwamba ndi matrix resin bwino.Khalani ndi zigawo zomwe zimathandizira kukonzanso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito (kuzungulira, kudula, ndi zina);
- Wopangira nsalu, wopangira saizi wokonzekera sitepe yotsatira yokonza nsalu (kupotoza, kusakaniza, kuluka, etc.);
- nsalu pulasitiki yonyowetsa wothandizira, zomwe sizingothandiza kukonza nsalu zotsatila, komanso zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kumamatira pakati pa fiber pamwamba ndi utomoni wa masanjidwewo.
2.17Ulusi wa Warp:Ulusi wansalu amabala mofanana pamtengo waukulu wa cylindrical warp.
2.18Roll phukusi:Ulusi, roving ndi mayunitsi ena omwe amatha kumasuka komanso oyenera kugwiridwa, kusungidwa, kuyendetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Zindikirani: Mapiritsi amatha kukhala hank kapena keke ya silika, kapena mapira omangirira okonzedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokhotakhota pa bobbin, weft chubu, chubu cholumikizira, chubu chomangira, spool, bobbin kapena shaft yoluka.
2.19Mphamvu yosweka:kukanika kuswekaPakuyesa kwamphamvu, mphamvu yosweka yamphamvu pagawo lililonse kapena kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka zitsanzo.Gawo la monofilament ndi PA ndipo gawo la ulusi ndi n / tex.
2.20Pakuyesa kwamphamvu, mphamvu yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene chitsanzo chikusweka, mu n.
2.21Ulusi Wachingwe:Ulusi wopangidwa popota zingwe ziwiri kapena kuposerapo (kapena mphambano ya zingwe ndi ulusi umodzi) palimodzi kamodzi kapena zingapo.
2.22Botolo la mkaka:Kupukuta ulusi wofanana ndi botolo la mkaka.
2.23Sonkhanitsani:Chiwerengero cha matembenuzidwe a ulusi muutali wina motsatira njira ya axial, yomwe imasonyezedwa mu kupindika / mita.
2.24Twist balance index:Pambuyo popotoza ulusi, kupotako kumakhala koyenera.
2.25Pita kumbuyo:Kupindika kulikonse kwa ulusi ndiko kusuntha kozungulira kwa kasinthasintha pakati pa zigawo za ulusi motsatira njira ya axial.Pitirizani kumbuyo ndi kusamuka kwa angular kwa 360 °.
2.26Mayendedwe a twist:Pambuyo popotoza, njira yokhotakhota ya kalambulabwalo mu ulusi umodzi kapena ulusi umodzi mu ulusi wa chingwe.Kuchokera kukona yakumanja kupita kumtunda wakumanzere kumatchedwa S kupotoza, ndipo kuchokera pakona yakumanzere kupita kukona yakumanja kumatchedwa Z kupindika.
2.27Ulusi:Ndi liwu lachizoloŵezi la zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za nsalu zopindika kapena zopanda zopindika zopangidwa ndi ulusi wosalekeza ndi ulusi wosasunthika.
2.28Ulusi wogulitsidwa:Fakitale imapanga ulusi wogulitsidwa.
2.29Chingwe:Ulusi wa ulusi wosalekeza kapena ulusi wokhazikika wa ulusi ndi ulusi wopangidwa ndi kupota, kupota kapena kuluka.
2.30Kukoka:Kuphatikizika kosapindika komwe kumakhala ndi ma monofilaments ambiri.
2.31Modulus ya elasticity:Gawo la kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika kwa chinthu mkati mwa malire otanuka.Pali zolimba komanso zopindika modulus of elasticity (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti young's modulus of elasticity), kumeta ubweya ndi kupinda modulus ya elasticity, yokhala ndi PA (Pascal) ngati gawo.
2.32Kuchulukana kwakukulu:Kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ka zinthu zotayirira monga ufa ndi zida za granular.
2.33Desized product:Chotsani ulusi kapena nsalu ya chonyowetsa kapena kukula mwa zosungunulira zoyenera kapena kuyeretsa matenthedwe.
2.34Wapolisi wa Weft chubuSilika pirn
Chingwe chimodzi kapena zingapo za nsalu zimazungulira mozungulira chubu.
2.35CHIKWANGWANIfiberChigawo chabwino cha filamentous chomwe chili ndi gawo lalikulu.
2.36Ukonde wa Fiber:Mothandizidwa ndi njira zinazake, zida za ulusi zimasanjidwa kukhala mawonekedwe andege ya netiweki molunjika kapena osayang'ana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza zinthu zomwe zatha.
2.37Liniya kachulukidwe:Unyinji pa utali wa ulusi wokhala ndi chonyowetsa kapena wopanda chonyowetsa, mu tex.
Chidziwitso: pakutchula ulusi, kachulukidwe ka mzere nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ulusi wopanda kanthu wouma komanso wopanda chonyowetsa.
2.38Strand precursor:Chokoka chimodzi chomangidwa pang'ono chosapindika chokokedwa nthawi imodzi.
2.39Kusinthika kwa mphasa kapena nsaluKusinthasintha kwa kumverera kapena nsalu
Mlingo wa vuto lakumva kapena nsalu yonyowetsedwa ndi utomoni kuti ikhale yokhazikika ku nkhungu ya mawonekedwe ena.
3. Fiberglass
3.1 Ar galasi CHIKWANGWANI Alkali kugonjetsedwa galasi CHIKWANGWANI
Ikhoza kukana kukokoloka kwa nthawi yaitali kwa zinthu zamchere.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulimbikitsa ulusi wagalasi wa simenti ya Portland.
3.2 Kusungunuka kwa styrene: Pamene chingwe cha galasi chodulidwa chimamveka chomizidwa mu styrene, nthawi yofunikira kuti kumverera kusweka chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa binder pansi pa katundu wina wovuta.
3.3 Ulusi Wopangidwa ndi Ulusi Wokulungika
Ulusi wansalu wagalasi wosalekeza (ulusi umodzi kapena wophatikizika) ndi ulusi wochuluka womwe umapangidwa pomwaza monofilament pambuyo pa chithandizo chamankhwala.
3.4 Surface Mat: Pepala lopangidwa ndi galasi fiber monofilament (utali wokhazikika kapena wopitirira) womangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pamwamba pa zosakaniza.
Onani: zophimbidwa (3.22).
3.5 Glass fiber fiberglass
Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza ulusi wagalasi kapena ulusi wopangidwa ndi silicate kusungunuka.
3.6 Zopangidwa ndi magalasi opaka utoto: Zinthu zopangidwa ndi galasi zokutidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena zinthu zina.
3.7 Zonality riboni Kutha kwa magalasi ozungulira kuti apange maliboni polumikizana pang'ono pakati pa ulusi wofanana.
3.8 Kale filimu: Chigawo chachikulu cha chonyowetsa.Ntchito yake ndi kupanga filimu pamwamba pa CHIKWANGWANI, kupewa kuvala ndikuthandizira kugwirizana ndi kukwera kwa monofilaments.
3.9 D glass fiber Low dielectric glass fiber Ulusi wagalasi wotengedwa kuchokera kugalasi la dielectric lochepa.Kutayika kwake kwa dielectric kosasintha ndi dielectric ndizocheperako kuposa za alkali free glass fiber.
3.10 Monofilament mat: Zinthu zopangidwa ndi planar zomwe mosalekeza magalasi fiber monofilaments amalumikizidwa pamodzi ndi binder.
3.11 Zopanga zamagalasi zokhazikika: Mtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito umakhudzana ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi ulusi wamagalasi osasunthika.
3.12 Fixed length fiber sliver: Fixed utali wokhazikika amakonzedwa mofanana ndipo amapindika pang'ono kukhala mtolo wopitilira wa fiber.
3.13 Choppability chodulidwa: Kuvuta kwa galasi fiber roving kapena kalambulabwalo kudulidwa pansi pa katundu wina wodula.
3.14 Zingwe Zodulidwa: Kalambulabwalo waufupi wodulira mosalekeza wopanda mtundu uliwonse wophatikiza.
3.15 Chopped strand mat: Ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi ndege chopangidwa ndi kalambulabwalo kosalekeza wodulidwa, wogawidwa mwachisawawa ndikumangirira pamodzi ndi zomatira.
3.16 E magalasi CHIKWANGWANI Alkali wopanda galasi CHIKWANGWANI Galasi CHIKWANGWANI chokhala ndi alkali chitsulo okusayidi pang'ono komanso kutchinjiriza magetsi abwino (zake za alkali zitsulo okusayidi zambiri zosakwana 1%).
Zindikirani: pakali pano, mfundo zopangira magalasi a alkali opanda magalasi ku China zimanena kuti zomwe zili mu alkali metal oxide siziyenera kupitirira 0.8%.
3.17 Galasi lansalu: Nthawi zambiri pazida za nsalu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi wosalekeza kapena ulusi wagalasi wokhazikika ngati zinthu zoyambira.
3.18 Kugawanitsa bwino: Kuchita bwino kwa kuyendayenda kosasunthika kumamwazikana m'magawo otsogola a chingwe chimodzi pambuyo podula pang'ono.
3.19 Mphasa yoluka yoluka Ulusi wagalasi umamveka ngati wosokedwa ndi koyilo.
Zindikirani: onani kumva (3.48).
3.20 Ulusi Wosokera: Ulusi wopota kwambiri, wosalala wopangidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi wosalekeza, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusoka.
3.21 Makapu ophatikizika: Mitundu ina ya zida zolimbitsidwa ndi magalasi ndi zida zomangira ndege zomangika ndi njira zamakina kapena zamankhwala.
Zindikirani: zida zolimbikitsira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kalambulabwalo wodulidwa, kalambulabwalo wopitilira, wopyapyala wosapindika ndi zina.
3.22 Chophimba chagalasi: Chophimba cha ndege chopangidwa ndi magalasi osalekeza (kapena odulidwa) omwe amalumikizana pang'ono.
3.23 Magalasi apamwamba a silica fiber high silica glass fiber
Ulusi wagalasi wopangidwa ndi chithandizo cha asidi ndi sintering pambuyo pojambula magalasi.Zomwe zili mu silika ndizoposa 95%.
3.24 Dulani zingwe Utali wokhazikika (wokanidwa) Kalambulabwalo wagalasi wodulidwa kuchokera pa silinda yoyambira ndikudula molingana ndi kutalika kofunikira.
Onani: utali wokhazikika (2.8)
3.25 Zotsalira pakukula: Kaboni wokhala ndi ulusi wagalasi wokhala ndi chonyowetsa nsalu zotsalira pa ulusi pambuyo poyeretsa ndi kutentha, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka.
3.26 Kusamuka kwa silika: Kuchotsa chonyowetsa chagalasi kuchokera mkati mwa silika kupita pamwamba.
3.27 Mlingo wonyowa: Mlozera wabwino woyezera ulusi wagalasi ngati chilimbikitso.Dziwani nthawi yofunikira kuti utomoni udzaze kalambulabwalo ndi monofilament molingana ndi njira inayake.Chigawocho chimawonetsedwa mumasekondi.
3.28 Palibe kupindika (pakudumpha mopitilira): Kuzungulira kosapindika kopangidwa ndi kupindika pang'ono polumikiza zingwe.Izi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, ulusi wotengedwa kumapeto kwa phukusi ukhoza kudulidwa kukhala ulusi popanda kupindika.
3.29 Zinthu zoyaka: Chiyerekezo cha kutayika pakuyatsa mpaka kuuma kwa zinthu zowuma zamagalasi.
3.30 Zopangira magalasi opitilira muyeso: Mtundu wogwiritsiridwa ntchito umagwirizana ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi mitolo ya ulusi wamagalasi osalekeza.
3.31 Mphesa ya strand yosalekeza: Ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi ndege chomwe chimapangidwa ndikumangirira kalambulabwalo wosadulidwa wopitilira ulusi pamodzi ndi zomatira.
3.32 Chingwe cha Turo: Ulusi wa ulusi wopitilira ndi wopindika wamitundu yambiri wopangidwa ndi kulowetsedwa ndi kupindika nthawi zambiri.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa mankhwala a rabara.
3.33 M galasi CHIKWANGWANI High modulus galasi CHIKWANGWANI High zotanuka galasi CHIKWANGWANI (kukana)
Ulusi wagalasi wopangidwa ndi galasi lapamwamba la modulus.Modulus yake yotanuka nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 25% kuposa ya E glass fiber.
3.34 Terry roving: Kuzungulira komwe kumapangidwa ndi kupindika kobwerezabwereza komanso kukhazikika kwa kalambulabwalo wagalasi, komwe nthawi zina kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kalambulabwalo kamodzi kapena zingapo zowongoka.
3.35 Milled fibers: Chingwe chachifupi kwambiri chopangidwa ndi kugaya.
3.36 Binder Binding Agent Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku filaments kapena monofilaments kuti ziwakonzere momwe zimafunikira kugawa.Ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito pamphasa wodulidwa, ulusi wopitilira ndi womveka.
3.37 Coupling agent: Chinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsa kapena kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wolimba pakati pa mawonekedwe a resin matrix ndi zolimbitsa.
Zindikirani: cholumikizira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazowonjezera kapena kuwonjezera pa utomoni kapena zonse ziwiri.
3.38 Kulumikiza: Chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nsalu ya fiberglass kuti ipereke mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa galasi la fiberglass ndi utomoni.
3.39 S galasi CHIKWANGWANI Champhamvu kwambiri chagalasi Ulusi wamphamvu wagalasi Mphamvu yatsopano yachilengedwe ya ulusi wagalasi wokokedwa ndi galasi la silicon aluminiyamu ya magnesium system ndi yoposa 25% kuposa ya ulusi wagalasi wopanda zamchere.
3.40 Mphesa yonyowa: Kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wodulidwa wagalasi ngati zopangira ndikuwonjezera zina zowonjezera mankhwala kuti muwawalitse mumadzi, amapangidwa kukhala zinthu zamapangidwe a ndege kudzera pamakopera, kutaya madzi m'thupi, kukula ndi kuyanika.
3.41 Chitsulo chagalasi chokutidwa ndi chitsulo: Chingwe chagalasi chokhala ndi ulusi umodzi kapena mtolo wazitsulo pamwamba wokutidwa ndi filimu yachitsulo.
3.42 Geogrid: Mtundu wogwiritsiridwa ntchito umagwirizana ndi pulasitiki yagalasi ya fiber yokutidwa kapena phula lopaka mauna a geotechnical engineering ndi civil engineering.
3.43 Roving roving: Mtolo wa ulusi wofanana (multi strand roving) kapena ma monofilaments ofanana (direct roving) ophatikizidwa popanda kupindika.
3.44 Ulusi Wachilengedwe Watsopano: Kokani ulusiwo pansi pamikhalidwe inayake, ndipo mwamakaniko gwirani monofilament yomwe yangopangidwa kumene popanda kuvala pansi pa mbale yotayikira.
3.45 Kuuma: Mulingo womwe galasi fiber roving kapena precursor sikophweka kusintha mawonekedwe chifukwa cha nkhawa.Ulusiwo ukapachikidwa pa mtunda wakutiwakuti kuchokera pakati, umasonyezedwa ndi mtunda wolendewera pakatikati pa ulusiwo.
3.46 Umphumphu wa Strand: The monofilament mu kalambulabwalo sikophweka kumwazikana, kuswa ndi ubweya wa ubweya, ndipo amatha kusunga kalambulabwalo kukhala mitolo.
3.47 Strand system: Malinga ndi maubwenzi angapo ndi theka a continuous fiber precursor tex, amaphatikizidwa ndikukonzedwa kukhala mndandanda wina.
Ubale pakati pa kachulukidwe ka mzere wa kalambulabwalo, kuchuluka kwa ulusi (chiwerengero cha mabowo mu mbale yotayira) ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi kumawonetsedwa ndi chilinganizo (1):
d=22.46 × (1)
Kumene: D - fiber m'mimba mwake, μ m;
T - kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka kalambulabwalo, Tex;
N - chiwerengero cha ulusi
3.48 Felt mat: Kapangidwe ka pulani kopangidwa ndi ulusi wodulidwa kapena wosadulidwa wosalekeza womwe umalunjika kapena osayang'ana palimodzi.
3.49 Makatani ofunikira: Zomverera zomwe zimapangidwa polumikiza zinthu pamodzi pamakina opangira makina opangira zida zamagetsi zimatha kukhala kapena zopanda gawo lapansi.
Zindikirani: onani kumva (3.48).
mfundo zitatu zisanu ziro
Kuyenda molunjika
Chiwerengero china cha ma monofilaments amawomberedwa mwachindunji mumsewu wosapindika pansi pa mbale yotayirira.
3.50 Sing'anga alkali galasi CHIKWANGWANI: Mtundu wa galasi CHIKWANGWANI opangidwa ku China.Zomwe zili mu alkali metal oxide ndi pafupifupi 12%.
4. Mpweya wa carbon
4.1PAN yochokera ku carbon fiberPAN yochokera ku carbon fiberMpweya wa carbon wokonzedwa kuchokera ku polyacrylonitrile (Pan) matrix.
Zindikirani: kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ndi zotanuka modulus zimagwirizana ndi carbonation.
Onani: carbon fiber matrix (4.7).
4.2Pitch base carbon fiber:Mpweya wa carbon wopangidwa kuchokera ku anisotropic kapena isotropic asphalt matrix.
Chidziwitso: zotanuka modulus wa carbon fiber opangidwa kuchokera ku anisotropic asphalt matrix ndi apamwamba kuposa a matrices awiriwo.
Onani: carbon fiber matrix (4.7).
4.3Viscose based carbon fiber:Mpweya wa carbon wopangidwa kuchokera ku viscose matrix.
Zindikirani: kupangidwa kwa carbon fiber kuchokera ku viscose matrix kwayimitsidwa, ndipo kansalu kakang'ono kokha ka viscose amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
Onani: carbon fiber matrix (4.7).
4.4Kujambula:Chithandizo cha kutentha mumlengalenga, nthawi zambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu pambuyo pa carbonization.
Zindikirani: "graphitization" m'mafakitale kwenikweni ndi kusintha kwa thupi ndi mankhwala a carbon fiber, koma kwenikweni, n'zovuta kupeza kapangidwe ka graphite.
4.5Carbonization:Njira yochizira kutentha kuchokera ku carbon fiber matrix kupita ku carbon fiber mumlengalenga.
4.6Mpweya wa Carbon:Ulusi wokhala ndi mpweya wopitilira 90% (chiwerengero chambiri) wokonzedwa ndi pyrolysis wa organic ulusi.
Zindikirani: ulusi wa kaboni nthawi zambiri umasankhidwa malinga ndi makina awo, makamaka mphamvu zolimba komanso zotanuka modulus.
4.7Carbon fiber precursor:Ulusi wachilengedwe womwe ungasinthidwe kukhala ulusi wa kaboni ndi pyrolysis.
Chidziwitso: masanjidwewo nthawi zambiri amakhala ulusi wopitilira, koma nsalu zoluka, nsalu zoluka, nsalu zoluka komanso zomverera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Onani: polyacrylonitrile yochokera ku carbon fiber (4.1), asphalt based carbon fiber (4.2), viscose based carbon fiber (4.3).
4.8Fiber yosagwiritsidwa ntchito:Fibers popanda mankhwala pamwamba.
4.9Oxidation:Pre oxidation ya zinthu za makolo monga polyacrylonitrile, asphalt ndi viscose mumlengalenga musanayambe carbonization ndi graphitization.
5. Nsalu
5.1Nsalu zophimba khomaKuphimba khomaNsalu yosalala yokongoletsera khoma
5.2KulukaNjira yolumikizira ulusi kapena kuwomba mozungulira
5.3KulukaNsalu yopangidwa ndi ulusi wambiri wansalu yolumikizana bwino, momwe ulusi wolunjika ndi kutalika kwa nsalu nthawi zambiri si 0 ° kapena 90 °.
5.4Marker ulusiUlusi wokhala ndi mtundu wosiyana komanso / kapena kapangidwe kake kuchokera ku ulusi wolimbikitsira munsalu, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zinthu kapena kuwongolera makonzedwe a nsalu pomanga.
5.5Kumaliza wothandiziraCholumikizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagalasi ansalu kuti aphatikizire ulusi wagalasi ndi matrix a utomoni, nthawi zambiri pansalu.
5.6Unidirectional nsaluMapangidwe a ndege omwe ali ndi kusiyana koonekeratu mu kuchuluka kwa ulusi mumayendedwe a warp ndi weft.(tenga unidirectional nsalu yolukidwa mwachitsanzo).
5.7Nsalu yopangidwa ndi fiber yayikuluUlusi wopindika ndi ulusi wa weft amapangidwa ndi ulusi wokhazikika wagalasi.
5.8Kuluka kwa satinPali ulusi wosachepera zisanu wopindika ndi wokhotakhota mu minofu yathunthu;Pali malo amodzi okha a latitude (longitude) pa longitude iliyonse (latitude);Nsalu yansalu yokhala ndi nambala yowuluka yayikulu kuposa 1 ndipo palibe chogawa wamba chokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi wozungulira munsaluyo.Amene ali ndi mfundo zopota kwambiri ndi warp satin, ndipo omwe ali ndi mfundo zambiri za weft ndi weft satin.
5.9Multi layer nsaluNsalu ya nsalu yopangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo zofanana kapena zosiyana ndi kusoka kapena kugwirizanitsa mankhwala, momwe gawo limodzi kapena zingapo zimapangidwira mofanana popanda makwinya.Ulusi wamtundu uliwonse ukhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso makulidwe osiyanasiyana.Zina mwazinthu zosanjikiza mankhwala zimaphatikizaponso kumva, filimu, thovu, ndi zina.
5.10Wopanda nsaluUkonde wa ulusi wosawokoka wopangidwa pomanga zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo za ulusi wofanana ndi chomangira.Ulusi wakumbuyo wosanjikiza uli pa ngodya kwa ulusi kutsogolo wosanjikiza.
5.11M'lifupiMtunda wowongoka kuchokera pansalu yoyamba ya nsalu kupita kumphepete kwa kunja kwa nkhondo yomaliza.
5.12Uta ndi utaChilema chowoneka chomwe ulusi wa weft uli m'lifupi mwa njira ya nsalu mu arc.
Zindikirani: mawonekedwe a ulusi wa arc warp amatchedwa bow warp, ndipo mawu ake a Chingerezi ndi "bow".
5.13Tubing (mu Zovala)Minofu ya tubular yokhala ndi m'lifupi mwake kuposa 100 mm.
Onani: bushing (5.30).
5.14Chikwama choseferaNsalu yotuwa ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi thumba chopangidwa ndi kutentha, kulowetsedwa, kuphika ndi kukonzanso pambuyo pake, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito posefera gasi ndikuchotsa fumbi la mafakitale.
5.15Chigawo chokhuthala komanso chaching'ononsalu ya wavyKuwoneka bwino kwa zigawo zokhuthala kapena zopyapyala zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ulusi wolimba kwambiri kapena woonda kwambiri.
5.16Tumizani nsalu yomalizaNsalu yodetsedwayo imaphatikizidwa ndi nsalu yopangidwa.
Onani: nsalu yokongola (5.35).
5.17Nsalu zosakanikiranaUlusi wa Warp kapena weft ndi nsalu yopangidwa ndi ulusi wosakanizika wopota ndi ulusi ulusi awiri kapena kuposerapo.
5.18Nsalu zosakanizidwaNsalu yopangidwa ndi ulusi woposa ziwiri zosiyana.
5.19Nsalu zolukaPamakina oluka, osachepera magulu awiri a ulusi amalukidwa molunjika kwa wina ndi mzake kapena pa ngodya inayake.
5.20Nsalu zokutira za latexNsalu ya latex (yokanidwa)Nsaluyo imakonzedwa ndi kuviika ndi kuvala latex yachilengedwe kapena latex yopangira.
5.21Nsalu zophatikizikaUlusi wa Warp ndi weft amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulusi.
5.22Leno anamalizaKuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa warp womwe ukusowa pamphepete
5.23Kachulukidwe ka WarpKachulukidwe ka WarpChiwerengero cha ulusi wokhotakhota pa unit kutalika kwa weft malangizo a nsalu, zofotokozedwa mu zidutswa / cm.
5.24Nkhondo ya WarpUlusi anakonza pamodzi kutalika kwa nsalu (ie 0 ° malangizo).
5.25Kusalekeza CHIKWANGWANI nsalu nsaluNsalu yopangidwa ndi ulusi wopitilira munjira zonse zopingasa komanso zokhotakhota.
5.26Kutalika kwa BurrMtunda wochokera m'mphepete mwa kansalu pamphepete mwa nsalu mpaka kumapeto kwa weft.
5.27Nsalu yotuwaNsalu yomalizidwa pang'ono idatsitsidwa ndi loom kuti ikonzenso.
5.28Zoluka zolukaUlusi wa Warp ndi weft amalukidwa ndi nsalu yopingasa.Mu bungwe lathunthu, pali ulusi wa warp ndi weft.
5.29Nsalu yomalizaNsalu yokhala ndi ulusi wamagalasi wokhala ndi chonyowetsa cha pulasitiki ngati zopangira.
Onani: chonyowetsa (2.16).
5.30Casing kugonaMinofu ya tubular yokhala ndi m'lifupi mwake osapitilira 100 mm.
Onani: chitoliro (5.13).
5.31Nsalu yapaderaDzina losonyeza mawonekedwe a nsalu.Zofala kwambiri ndi:
- "masokisi";
- "zozungulira";
- "preforms", etc.
5.32Kuthekera kwa mpweyaMpweya permeability wa nsalu.Mlingo womwe mpweya umadutsa molunjika pachitsanzo pansi pa malo oyesera omwe atchulidwa komanso kusiyana kwapakatikati
Amawonetsedwa mu cm / s.
5.33pulasitiki yokutidwa nsaluNsaluyo imakonzedwa ndi kuviika kwa PVC kapena mapulasitiki ena.
5.34Screen yokutidwa ndi pulasitikiukonde wokutidwa ndi pulasitikiZopangidwa ndi nsalu za mauna zoviikidwa ndi polyvinyl chloride kapena mapulasitiki ena.
5.35Desized nsaluNsalu yopangidwa ndi imvi pambuyo pa desizing.
Onani: imvi nsalu (5.27), desizing mankhwala (2.33).
5.36Flexural kuumaKusasunthika ndi kusinthasintha kwa nsalu kukana kupindika kupindika.
5.37Kudzaza kachulukidweWeft kachulukidweChiwerengero cha ulusi weft pa unit kutalika mu njira warp wa nsalu, zofotokozedwa zidutswa / cm.
5.38WeftUlusi womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala pakona yakumanja kwa wopingasa (ie 90 ° mbali) ndipo umadutsa pakati pa mbali ziwiri za nsalu.
5.39Kukana kukonderaThe maonekedwe chilema kuti weft pa nsalu ndi wokhotakhota osati perpendicular kwa warp.
5.40Woluka woyendayendaNsalu yopangidwa ndi zopota zopota.
5.41Tepi popanda selvageM'lifupi nsalu galasi nsalu popanda selvage si upambana 100mm.
Onani: nsalu yopapatiza yaulere (5.42).
5.42Nsalu yopapatiza popanda selvagesNsalu yopanda selvage, nthawi zambiri zosakwana 600mm m'lifupi.
5.43Twill kulukaNsalu yokhotakhota yomwe mfundo zokhotakhota kapena zokhotakhota zimapanga mtundu wopitilira wa diagonal.Pali ulusi wosachepera katatu wopindika ndi wa weft mu minofu yathunthu
5.44Tepi ndi selvageNsalu zamagalasi zokhala ndi selvage, m'lifupi osapitilira 100mm.
Onani: Selvage yopapatiza nsalu (5.45).
5.45Nsalu yopapatiza yokhala ndi selvagesNsalu yokhala ndi selvage, nthawi zambiri yosakwana 300 mm m'lifupi.
5.46Diso la nsombaMalo ang'onoang'ono pa nsalu yomwe imalepheretsa kulowetsedwa kwa utomoni, chilema chopangidwa ndi utomoni, nsalu, kapena mankhwala.
5.47Kuluka mitamboNsalu yolukidwa mosagwirizana mosagwirizana imalepheretsa kugawa yunifolomu kwa weft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe opunduka a zigawo zokhuthala ndi zopyapyala.
5.48CreaseChidindo cha nsalu ya galasi CHIKWANGWANI chopangidwa ndi kugubuduzika, kupindika kapena kukakamizidwa pa makwinya.
5.49Nsalu zolukaNsalu yosalala kapena tubular yopangidwa ndi ulusi wansalu wokhala ndi mphete zolumikizana motsatizana.
5.50Nsalu yomasuka yoluka scrimMapangidwe a ndege amapangidwa ndi kuluka ulusi wopingasa ndi ulusi wotalikirana.
5.51Kupanga nsaluNthawi zambiri amatanthauza kachulukidwe wa nsalu, komanso amaphatikizanso bungwe lake m'njira zambiri.
5.52Makulidwe a nsaluMtunda wowongoka pakati pa malo awiri a nsalu amayezedwa pansi pa kukakamizidwa kotchulidwa.
5.53Chiwerengero cha nsaluChiwerengero cha ulusi pa unit kutalika mu njira yokhotakhota ndi weft njira ya nsalu, anasonyeza monga chiwerengero cha ulusi wokhotakhota / cm × Chiwerengero cha weft ulusi / cm.
5.54Kukhazikika kwa nsaluZimasonyeza kulimba kwa mphambano ya warp ndi weft mu nsalu, yomwe imasonyezedwa ndi mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene ulusi mumzere wachitsanzo umatulutsidwa mu nsalu.
5.55Gulu mtundu wa yokhotakhotaMitundu yobwerezabwereza yopangidwa ndi warp ndi weft interweaving, monga plain, satin ndi twill.
5.56ZolakwikaZowonongeka pa nsalu zomwe zimafooketsa khalidwe lake ndi ntchito zake komanso zimakhudza maonekedwe ake.
6. Utomoni ndi zowonjezera
6.1ChothandiziraAcceleratorChinthu chomwe chingathe kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika pang'ono.Theoretically, ake mankhwala katundu sadzasintha mpaka mapeto a anachita.
6.2Kuchiritsa mankhwalakuchiritsaNjira yosinthira prepolymer kapena polima kukhala chinthu cholimba ndi polymerization ndi / kapena crosslinking.
6.3Post mankhwalaPambuyo kuphikaKutenthetsa chinthu chopangidwa ndi thermosetting mpaka chachira.
6.4Matrix utomoniThermosetting akamaumba zinthu.
6.5Cross link (verb) cross link (verb)Mgwirizano womwe umapanga ma intermolecular covalent kapena ma ionic bond pakati pa maunyolo a polima.
6.6Mtanda kugwirizanaNjira yopangira zomangira za covalent kapena ionic pakati pa maunyolo a polima.
6.7KumizaNjira yomwe polima kapena monoma imabayidwira mu chinthu pafupi ndi pore yabwino kapena yopanda kanthu pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otuluka, kusungunuka, kufalikira kapena kusungunuka.
6.8Gel nthawi ya gel osakanizaNthawi yofunikira kuti apange ma gels pansi pazikhalidwe za kutentha.
6.9ZowonjezeraChinthu chowonjezeredwa kuti chiwongolere kapena kusintha zinthu zina za polima.
6.10WodzazaPali zinthu zolimba zomwe zimawonjezedwa ku mapulasitiki kuti ziwongolere mphamvu zamatrix, mawonekedwe autumiki ndi magwiridwe antchito, kapena kuchepetsa mtengo.
6.11Gawo la pigmentChinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowoneka bwino komanso chosasungunuka.
6.12Tsiku lotha ntchito la mphikamoyo wogwira ntchitoNthawi yomwe utomoni kapena zomatira zimasunga ntchito zake.
6.13Thickening wothandiziraChowonjezera chomwe chimawonjezera kukhuthala kwa ma chemical reaction.
6.14Alumali moyomoyo wosungiraPansi pazimene zatchulidwa, zinthuzo zimasungabe makhalidwe omwe amayembekezeredwa (monga processability, mphamvu, etc.) kwa nthawi yosungirako.
7. Kuumba pawiri ndi prepreg
7.1 Mapulastiki olimba agalasi Mapulasitiki olimba agalasi GRP Zinthu zophatikizika zokhala ndi ulusi wagalasi kapena zopangira zake monga kulimbikitsa ndi pulasitiki ngati matrix.
7.2 Unidirectional prepregs Unidirectional dongosolo lopangidwa ndi thermosetting kapena thermoplastic resin system.
Zindikirani: unidirectional weftless tepi ndi mtundu wa prepreg unidirectional.
7.3 Kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono Pazogulitsa, kumatanthawuza gulu lomwe lili ndi shrinkage ya 0.05% ~ 0.2% pakuchiritsa.
7.4 Gawo lamagetsi Pazogulitsa, zikuwonetsa gulu lomwe liyenera kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi.
7.5 Reactivity Imatanthawuza kutsetsereka kwakukulu kwa nthawi ya kutentha kwa osakaniza a thermosetting panthawi yochiritsa, ndi ℃ / s ngati unit.
7.6 Khalidwe lochiritsira Nthawi yochiritsa, kukulitsa kutentha, kuchiritsa kuchepa ndi kutsika kwaukonde kwa osakaniza a thermosetting pakuumba.
7.7 Thick akamaumba pawiri TMC Mapepala akamaumba pawiri ndi makulidwe kuposa 25mm.
7.8 Kusakaniza Kusakaniza kofanana kwa ma polima amodzi kapena angapo ndi zinthu zina, monga zodzaza, zopangira pulasitiki, zopangira ndi zopaka utoto.
7.9 Zomwe zili zopanda kanthu Chiyerekezo cha void void ku voliyumu yonse mumagulu, owonetsedwa ngati peresenti.
7.10 Bulu akamaumba pawiri BMC
Ndi chinthu chomaliza chomwe chimapangidwa ndi utomoni wopangidwa ndi utomoni, ulusi wolimbitsa wodulidwa komanso zodzaza zina (kapena osadzaza).Ikhoza kupangidwa kapena kupangidwa ndi jekeseni pansi pa kutentha kotentha.
Zindikirani: onjezani mankhwala thickener kuti kuwongolera mamasukidwe akayendedwe.
7.11 Pultrusion Pansi pa kukoka kwa zida zokokera, ulusi wopitilira kapena zinthu zake zomwe zimayikidwa ndi utomoni guluu wamadzimadzi zimatenthedwa kudzera mu nkhungu zomwe zimalimbitsa utomoni ndikupitiliza kupanga mapangidwe ambiri.
7.12 Zigawo zopukutidwa Zopanga zazitali zomwe zimapangidwa mosalekeza ndi njira ya pultrusion nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi gawo lozungulira komanso mawonekedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-15-2022