1. Intangiriro
Iri hame rigena amagambo n'ibisobanuro bikubiye mu bikoresho byo kongera imbaraga nka fibre y'ikirahure, fibre ya karuboni, resin, inyongeramusaruro, imvange yo gushushanya na prepreg.
Iri hame rikoreshwa mu gutegura no gusohora amahame ajyanye nabyo, ndetse no gutegura no gusohora ibitabo, amagazeti n'inyandiko za tekiniki bireba.
2. Amategeko rusange
2.1Ubudodo bw'inyuma (ubwoya bwa Pagoda):Umugozi w'imyenda upfundikiwe ku gitambaro cy'inyuma.
2.2Uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso:Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gufatana na resin ya matrix, ubuso bwa fibre buratunganywa.
2.3Ipaki y'imyenda myinshi:Ku bindi bisobanuro: ubwoko bw'imyenda igizwe n'udupira twinshi.
2.4Ubudodo bumwe:Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukurura bugizwe na kimwe mu bikoresho by'imyenda bikurikira:
a) Ubudodo bukozwe no kuzunguza imigozi myinshi idakomeza bwitwa ubudodo bw'imigozi bufite uburebure buhamye;
b) Ubudodo bukozwe no kuzunguza umugozi umwe cyangwa myinshi ikomeza icyarimwe bwitwa ubudodo bukomeza.
Icyitonderwa: mu nganda zikora fibre z'ibirahuri, ubudodo bumwe buragoramye.
2.5Umugozi w'umugozi umwe:Igitambaro gito kandi kirekire, gishobora gukomeza cyangwa kidakomeza.
2.6Ingano y'umurambararo w'udutsi:Ikoreshwa mu kugaragaza umurambararo wa monofilament y'ibirahure mu bicuruzwa bya filaure, ingana hafi n'umurambararo wayo nyawo. Hamwe na μ M ni igice, kigizwe n'umubare w'intege nke cyangwa igice cy'intege nke.
2.7Uburemere kuri buri gice:Igipimo cy'uburemere bw'ikintu gitambaye gifite ingano runaka n'ubuso bwacyo.
2.8Fibre ifite uburebure butaziguye:fibre idakomeza,Igikoresho cy'imyenda gifite umurambararo muto utagira aho ubohera cyakozwe mu gihe cyo gushushanya.
2.9:Ubudodo bw'umugozi bufite uburebure buhamye,Ubudodo bwakozwe mu budodo budafite uburebure buhamye.amanota abiri na zeru imweKugabanya uburebureUburebure bw'icyitegererezo iyo cyacitse mu isuzuma ryo gukurura.
2.10Ubudodo bwinshi bw'ibikomere:Ubudodo bukozwe mu budodo bubiri cyangwa burenze budahindagurika.
Icyitonderwa: ubudodo bumwe, ubudodo bw'umugozi cyangwa insinga bishobora gukorwamo imigozi myinshi.
2.12Ubudodo bwa Bobbin:Ubudodo butunganywa hakoreshejwe imashini izunguruka hanyuma bugapfundikirwa kuri bobine.
2.13Ingano y'ubushuhe:Ubushuhe bw'ikintu cyabanjirije cyangwa umusaruro bwapimwe mu buryo bwagenwe. Ni ukuvuga igipimo cy'itandukaniro riri hagati y'uburemere butose n'ubwumye bw'icyitegererezo n'uburemere butoseAgaciro, kagaragazwa nk'ijanisha.
2.14Ubudodo bukozwe mu ruzigaUbudodo bw'umugoziUbudodo bukorwa no kuzunguza ubudodo bubiri cyangwa burenze mu buryo bumwe bwo gupfunyika.
2.15Ibicuruzwa bya hybrid:Igicuruzwa gihuriweho kigizwe n'ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa byinshi bya fibre, nk'igicuruzwa gihuriweho kigizwe n'ibirahure na fibre ya karuboni.
2.16Ingano y'umukozi upima ingano:Mu gukora imigozi, uruvange rw'imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa kuri monofilaments.
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ibintu bitosesha: ubwoko bwa pulasitiki, ubwoko bw'imyenda n'ubwoko bwa pulasitiki y'imyenda:
- Ingano ya pulasitiki, izwi kandi nka reinforcement size cyangwa coupling size, ni ubwoko bw'ingano ishobora gutuma ubuso bwa fibre na matrix resin bond neza. Irimo ibice byorohereza gutunganya cyangwa gukoresha (gufunga, gukata, nibindi);
-- ingano y'imyenda, ingano iteguriwe intambwe ikurikira yo gutunganya imyenda (guhinduranya, kuvanga, kuboha, nibindi);
- ibikoresho byo kunywesha imyenda bya pulasitiki, bidafasha gusa gutunganya imyenda mu buryo bukurikira, ahubwo bishobora no kongera uburyo bwo gufatana hagati y’ubuso bwa fibre na resin ya matrix.
2.17Ubudodo bwo kugorora:Ubudodo bw'imyenda bupfundikirwa ku ruhande rumwe ku giti kinini cy'uruziga.
2.18Pake y'umuzingo:Ubudodo, uruziga n'ibindi bikoresho bishobora gukurwaho kandi bikwiye gukoreshwa mu gutwara, kubika, gutwara no gukoresha.
Icyitonderwa: guzunguruka bishobora kuba hank cyangwa silk cake idashyigikiwe, cyangwa icyuma gizunguruka cyateguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo guzunguruka kuri bobbin, weft tube, conical tube, winding tube, spool, bobbin cyangwa weaving shaft.
2.19Imbaraga zo gucika intege:kwihangana mu gucika integeMu isuzuma ryo gukurura, imbaraga zo gukurura kuri buri gice cyangwa ubucucike bw'umurongo w'icyitegererezo. Igice cya monofilament ni PA naho igice cya yarn ni n / tex.
2.20Mu igeragezwa ryo gukurura, imbaraga ntarengwa zakoreshejwe iyo icyitegererezo cyamenetse, muri n.
2.21Ubudodo bw'insinga:Ubudodo bukozwe no kuzunguza imigozi ibiri cyangwa myinshi (cyangwa aho imigozi n'imigozi imwe bihurira) hamwe inshuro imwe cyangwa nyinshi.
2.22Agacupa k'amata gakozwe mu icupa:Ubudodo buzunguruka mu ishusho y'icupa ry'amata.
2.23Hindura:Umubare w'izunguruka ry'ubudodo mu burebure runaka ku cyerekezo cy'umurongo, muri rusange ugaragazwa mu buryo bwo kuzunguruka / metero.
2.24Igipimo cy'uburinganire bwa twist:Nyuma yo kuzunguza ubudodo, izunguza riba riringaniye.
2.25Hindura uhindukire inyuma:Buri kuzunguruka kw'ubudodo ni ukwimuka kw'inguni hagati y'ibice by'ubudodo mu cyerekezo cy'umurongo. Hindura inyuma ukoresheje kwimuka kw'inguni kwa 360 °.
2.26Icyerekezo cyo kuzunguruka:Nyuma yo kuzunguruka, icyerekezo cy’icyitegererezo mu budodo bumwe cyangwa ubudodo bumwe mu budodo bw’umugozi. Kuva mu mfuruka yo hasi iburyo kugera mu mfuruka yo hejuru ibumoso byitwa S twist, naho kuva mu mfuruka yo hasi ibumoso kugera mu mfuruka yo hejuru iburyo byitwa Z twist.
2.27Ubudodo bw'ubudodo:Ni ijambo rusange risobanura ibikoresho bitandukanye by’imyenda bifite cyangwa bitagize imigozi ihoraho n’imigozi ifite uburebure buhamye.
2.28Ubudodo bugurishwa:Uruganda rukora ubudodo bugurishwa.
2.29Umugozi w'umugozi:Ubudodo bukomeza cyangwa ubudodo buhoraho ni imiterere y'ubudodo bukozwe mu kuzunguza, gukurura cyangwa kuboha.
2.30Gukurura:Ihuriro ritagoramye rigizwe n'umubare munini w'udutsi duto.
2.31Moduli yo guhindagurika:Igipimo cy'umuvuduko n'uburemere bw'ikintu mu rugero rwo gukurura. Hariho uburyo bwo gukurura no gukandagira bwo gukurura (buzwi kandi nka modulus ya young yo gukurura), uburyo bwo gukata no gukotana bwo gukurura, hamwe na PA (Pascal) nk'igice.
2.32Ubucucike bw'umubyimba:Ubucucike bugaragara bw'ibikoresho bidafite ishingiro nk'ifu n'ibikoresho by'ibinyabutabire.
2.33Igicuruzwa cyihariye:Kuraho ubudodo cyangwa umwenda w'ikintu gitose cyangwa ingano ukoresheje isukura ryabigenewe cyangwa ubushyuhe.
2.34Umukozi w'ubudodo bw'umuyoboro wa Weft tubeIgiti cy'ubudodo
Umugozi umwe cyangwa myinshi y'ubudodo bw'imyenda izungurutse umuyoboro w'ubudodo.
2.35FibrefibreIgikoresho cyiza gifite imigozi ifite igipimo kinini.
2.36Urubuga rwa fibre:Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye, ibikoresho bya fibre bishyirwa mu buryo bw'urusobe rw'itumanaho mu buryo bunyuranye cyangwa budafite aho buhuriye, muri rusange bikaba bivuga ibicuruzwa byarangiye neza.
2.37Ubucucike bw'umurongo:Uburebure bwa buri gipimo cy'ubudodo burimo cyangwa butarimo ikintu cyo kunywesha, muri tex.
Icyitonderwa: mu kwita ubudodo, ubucucike bw'umurongo ugororotse bukunze gusobanura ubucucike bw'ubudodo bwumye kandi budafite ikintu kibutosesha.
2.38Imbere y'umugozi:Igikurura kimwe gifatanye gato kandi kidahindagurika gikururwa icyarimwe.
2.39Uburyo umufariso cyangwa igitambaro bishobora guhindurwaUburyo bwo guhinduranya imvange cyangwa umwenda
Ingano y'ingorane kugira ngo igitambaro cyangwa umwenda utose na resin bifatanye neza n'ibumba rifite ishusho runaka.
3. Ikirahuri cya Fiber
3.1 Fibre y'ikirahure ya Ar Fibre y'ikirahure irwanya alkali
Ishobora kurwanya kwangirika kw'ibintu bya alkali igihe kirekire. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukomeza fibre y'ikirahure cya sima ya Portland.
3.2 Gushonga kwa Styrene: Iyo umugozi w'ikirahure waciwe ushyizwe muri Styrene, igihe gisabwa kugira ngo fyle ivunike bitewe n'uko ifatabuguzi rishongeshejwe n'umutwaro runaka wo gukurura.
3.3 Ubudodo bufite imiterere y'ubudodo bufite imiterere y'ubudodo
Ubudodo bw'ikirahure bukomeza (ubudodo bumwe cyangwa buvanze) ni ubudodo bunini bukorwa no gukwirakwiza monofilament nyuma yo kuvugururwa.
3.4 Umutambaro wo hejuru: Urupapuro ruto rukozwe mu ruziga rumwe rw'ibirahure (uburebure buhamye cyangwa bukomeza) rufatanye kandi rukoreshwa nk'urwego rw'ubuso bw'ibivanze.
Reba: umugozi upfundikiye (3.22).
3.5 Ikirahuri cy'ikirahure cya fibre
Muri rusange yerekeza ku gitambaro cy'ikirahure cyangwa filament ikozwe mu gushonga kwa silicate.
3.6 Ibikoresho bya fibre y'ikirahure bitwikiriwe: Ibikoresho bya fibre y'ikirahure bitwikiriwe na pulasitiki cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
3.7 Guhindura imiterere y'urukiramende Ubushobozi bw'urukiramende rw'ikirahure mu gukora urukiramende binyuze mu gufatana gato hagati y'imigozi ingana.
3.8 Ikozwe muri firime: Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikintu gitose. Inshingano yacyo ni ugukora firime ku buso bwa fibre, gukumira kwangirika no koroshya kwegerana no gukururana kwa monofilaments.
Fibre y'ikirahure ya 3.9 D Fibre y'ikirahure ya dielectric nke Fibre y'ikirahure ikomoka ku kirahure cya dielectric gito. Igihombo cyayo cya dielectric constant na dielectric ni gito ugereranyije n'icya fibre y'ikirahure idafite alkali.
3.10 Umutambara w'urudodo rumwe: Ibikoresho by'imiterere y'urudodo rumwe aho urudodo rumwe rw'urudodo rw'ikirahure rukomeza rufatanye n'icyuma gifunga.
3.11 Ibikoresho by'ibirahure bifite uburebure butaziguye: Icyitegererezo cy'ingirakamaro kijyanye n'ibicuruzwa bigizwe n'ibirahure bifite uburebure butaziguye.
3.12 Uduce duto tw’umunyururu: Uduce duto tw’umunyururu dutondetse neza kandi duto duto mu gice cy’umunyururu ukomeza.
3.13 Gukatagura: Ingorane zo gukatagura cyangwa gukata fibre y'ikirahure munsi y'umutwaro runaka wo gukata.
3.14 Imigozi yaciwe: Imbere y'imigozi migufi ikomeza idafite ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuvanga.
3.15 Umugozi uciwe: Ni ibikoresho by'imiterere bikozwe mu buryo busanzwe bw'umugozi utembagajwe, bigakwirakwizwa mu buryo butunguranye kandi bigafatanywa hamwe n'ubudodo.
3.16 Fibre y'ikirahure E Fibre y'ikirahure idafite Alkali Fibre y'ikirahure ifite oxide nkeya y'icyuma kandi ifite amashanyarazi meza (ingano yayo ya oxide y'icyuma muri rusange iri munsi ya 1%).
Icyitonderwa: ubu, amahame y’ibicuruzwa by’ibirahure bidafite alkali mu Bushinwa avuga ko ingano ya okiside y’icyuma cya alkali itagomba kurenza 0.8%.
3.17 Ikirahure cy'imyenda: Ijambo rusange risobanura ibikoresho by'imyenda bikozwe mu gitambaro cy'ikirahure gihoraho cyangwa igitambaro cy'ikirahure gifite uburebure buhamye nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze.
3.18 Uburyo bwo gukata neza: Uburyo bwo gukata neza mu buryo butagoramye bukwirakwizwa mu bice by'inyongera by'umugozi umwe nyuma yo gukata mu buryo bugufi.
3.19 Umugozi udoze Umugozi udoze mu kirahure ufite imiterere y'uruziga.
Icyitonderwa: reba icyuma gikozwe mu ibara ry'umukara (3.48).
3.20 Umugozi wo kudoda: Ubudodo butoshye kandi bukozwe mu gitambaro cy'ikirahure gikomeza, bukoreshwa mu kudoda.
3.21 Umufariso w’ibirungo: Hari ubwoko bumwe bw’ibikoresho by’ibirahure bikomejwe n’imitako ni ibikoresho by’imiterere bihujwe n’uburyo bwa mekanike cyangwa ubwa chimique.
Icyitonderwa: ibikoresho byo gushimangira ubusanzwe birimo icyuma gicagaguye, icyuma gikomeza gukoreshwa, icyuma gikonjesha kidatoboye n'ibindi.
3.22 Agatambaro k'ikirahure: Igikoresho cy'imiterere gikozwe mu ruganda rw'ikirahure rudahindagurika (cyangwa rwaciwe) rufite umugozi muto.
3.23 Fibre y'ikirahure cya silica nyinshi Fibre y'ikirahure cya silica nyinshi
Fibre y'ikirahure ikorwa binyuze mu gutunganya aside no gutwika nyuma yo gukurura ikirahure. Ingano ya silica iriho irenga 95%.
3.24 Imigozi iciwe Imigozi ifite uburebure buhamye (bwanze) Imigozi ibanziriza ikirahure icibwa muri silindiri ibanziriza hanyuma igacibwa hakurikijwe uburebure busabwa.
Reba: fibre ifite uburebure buhamye (2.8)
3.25 Ingano y'ibisigazwa: Ingano ya karuboni iri mu gitambaro cy'ikirahure irimo ikintu gisukura imyenda isigara kuri fibre nyuma yo gusukura ubushyuhe, igaragazwa nk'ijanisha ry'uburemere.
3.26 Kwimura ingano y'ibikoresho: Gukuramo ibikoresho bitosesha ikirahure imbere mu ruhu rw'ubudodo bikajya ku ruhu rw'ubuso.
3.27 Igipimo cyo gutonyanga: Igipimo cy'ubuziranenge cyo gupima fibre y'ikirahure nk'imbaraga. Kumenya igihe gisabwa kugira ngo resin yuzuze neza igice cya mbere n'igice cya monofilament hakurikijwe uburyo runaka. Igice gishyirwa mu masegonda.
3.28 Nta guhindagurika (ku bijyanye no gukurura impande): Guhindagurika bidahindagurika bikorwa no guhindagurika gato iyo uhuza imigozi. Iyo iki gicuruzwa gikoreshejwe, ubudodo buva ku mpera y'ipaki bushobora gushyirwamo ubudodo nta guhindagurika.
3.29 Ingano y'ibintu bishya: Igipimo cy'igihombo ku gutwika ugereranyije n'ingano y'ibicuruzwa byumye by'ibirahure.
3.30 Ibikoresho by'ibirahure bihoraho: Icyitegererezo cy'ingirakamaro kijyanye n'ibicuruzwa bigizwe n'udupfunyika tw'ibirahure bihoraho.
3.31 Umugozi ukomeza: Ni ibikoresho by'imiterere bikozwe mu gufatanya fibre ikomeza idaciwe hamwe n'ubudodo.
3.32 Umugozi w'ipine: Ubudodo bw'umugozi uhoraho ni uburyo bwo kuzunguruka imigozi myinshi bukorwa no gutera no kuzunguruka inshuro nyinshi. Muri rusange bukoreshwa mu gukomeza ibikoresho bya kabutura.
Fibre y'ikirahure ya 3.33 M Fibre y'ikirahure ifite modulus nyinshi Fibre y'ikirahure ifite elastic nyinshi (yanze)
Fibre y'ikirahure ikozwe mu kirahure gifite modulus nyinshi. Modulus yayo irareshya muri rusange iruta fibre y'ikirahure cya E ku kigero cya 25%.
3.34 Terry roving: Gutembera bigizwe no kuzunguruka no gushyira hejuru y’ibice by’ikirahure ubwabyo, rimwe na rimwe bigakomezwa n’ibice bimwe cyangwa byinshi bigororotse.
3.35 Fibre zisya: Fibre ngufi cyane ikorwa no gusya.
3.36 Ibikoresho bihambira ku bipfunyika cyangwa ku bipfunyika kugira ngo bikorwe mu buryo busabwa. Iyo bikoreshejwe mu bipfunyika byaciwe, ku bipfunyika bikomeza n'ubuso bw'icyuma.
3.37 Udukoresho two guhuza: Ikintu giteza imbere cyangwa gishyiraho isano ikomeye hagati y’aho resin matrix ihurira n’ibikoresho bikomeza.
Icyitonderwa: umuti uhuza ushobora gushyirwa ku bikoresho bikomeza cyangwa wongerwa kuri resin cyangwa byombi.
3.38 Irangi ryo guhuza: Igikoresho gishyirwa ku mwenda wa fiberglass kugira ngo gihuze neza ubuso bwa fiberglass na resin.
Fibre y'ikirahure ya 3.39 S Fibre y'ikirahure ikomeye cyane Ingufu nshya z'ikirahure zikozwe mu kirahure zikozwe mu kirahure cya silikoni aluminiyumu zirenze 25% ugereranyije n'izikozwe mu kirahure zidafite alkali.
3.40 Umutambaro wo kuraramo utose: Ukoresheje fibre y'ikirahure yaciwe nk'ibikoresho fatizo no kongeramo ibindi binyabutabire kugira ngo ubijugunye mu mazi, bikorwamo ibikoresho by'imiterere y'ubutaka binyuze mu nzira zo gukoporora, kubura amazi, gupima no kumisha.
3.41 Fibre y'ikirahure ikoze mu cyuma: Fibre y'ikirahure ifite fibre imwe cyangwa ubuso bwa fibre butwikiriwe na firime y'icyuma.
3.42 Geogrid: Icyitegererezo cy'ingirakamaro kijyanye n'urushundura rwa plastiki rutwikiriwe n'ibirahuri cyangwa icyuma gitwikiriwe n'ibirahuri ku buhanga bwa tekiniki n'ubw'ubwubatsi.
3.43 Kuzenguruka: Urupapuro rw'imigozi ihurirana (ifite imigozi myinshi) cyangwa imigozi ihurirana (ifite imigozi itaziguye) bihujwe bidahindagurika.
3.44 Fibre nshya y’ibidukikije: Kuramo fibre munsi y’imiterere runaka, hanyuma ufate fibre imwe nshya yakozwe nta kwangirika munsi y’aho icyuma gisohora amazi giherereye.
3.45 Ubukomezi: Urugero rw'uko imigozi y'ikirahure izenguruka cyangwa iy'inyongera ntabwo byoroshye guhindura imiterere bitewe n'umuvuduko. Iyo umugozi umanitse ku ntera runaka uvuye hagati, bigaragazwa n'intera iri hagati yo hasi y'umugozi.
3.46 Ubuziranenge bw'imigozi: Umugozi umwe uri mu gice cy'imbere ntabwo byoroshye kuwutatanya, kuwumena no kuwuboha, kandi ufite ubushobozi bwo kugumisha igice cy'imbere mu migozi.
3.47 Sisitemu y'imirongo: Dukurikije isano ya multiple na ½ ya fibre precursor tex, irahuzwa kandi igashyirwa mu ruhererekane runaka.
Isano iri hagati y'ubucucike bw'umurongo w'intangiriro, umubare w'imigozi (umubare w'imyobo iri mu gice cyo kuvogera) n'umurambararo wa fibre igaragazwa na formula (1):
d=22.46 × (1)
Aho: D - umurambararo wa fibre, μ m；
T - ubucucike bw'umurongo w'inyongera, Tex;
N - umubare w'imigozi
3.48 Umufariso w'icyuma: Imiterere y'icyuma igizwe n'udutsi duto cyangwa tudaciwe dufatanye cyangwa tudafatanye.
3.49 Umufariso ukozwe mu buryo bwo gufatanya ibintu ku mashini ikoresha acupuncture ushobora kuba uri kumwe n'ibikoresho bya substrate cyangwa udafite.
Icyitonderwa: reba icyuma gikozwe mu ibara ry'umukara (3.48).
amanota atatu na gatanu zeru
Kuzenguruka mu buryo butaziguye
Umubare runaka w'udutsi duto duto dushyirwa mu buryo butaziguye munsi y'isahani isohora amazi.
3.50 Fibre y'ikirahure kiringaniye: Ubwoko bw'ikirahure gikorerwa mu Bushinwa. Ingano ya okiside y'icyuma kirimo alkali ni hafi 12%.
4. Fibre ya karuboni
4.1Fibre ya karuboni ishingiye kuri PANFibre ya karuboni ishingiye kuri PANFibre ya karuboni yakozwe muri polyacrylonitrile (Pan) matrix.
Icyitonderwa: impinduka mu mbaraga zo gukurura no gukurura zifitanye isano na karubone.
Reba: matrix ya fibre ya karuboni (4.7).
4.2Fibre ya karuboni ishingiye ku gasongero:Fibre ya karuboni ikozwe muri asphalt matrix ya anisotropic cyangwa isotropic.
Icyitonderwa: modulus ya elastic ya fibre ya karuboni ikozwe muri asphalt matrix ya anisotropic iri hejuru kurusha iya matrices ebyiri.
Reba: matrix ya fibre ya karuboni (4.7).
4.3Fibre ya karuboni ishingiye kuri viscose:Fibre ya karuboni ikozwe muri matrix ya viscose.
Icyitonderwa: ikorwa rya fibre ya karuboni ikomoka kuri viscose matrix ryahagaritswe, kandi ni ingano ntoya y'imyenda ya viscose ikoreshwa mu ikorwa.
Reba: matrix ya fibre ya karuboni (4.7).
4.4Gushushanya:Gutunganya ubushyuhe mu kirere kidashyushye, akenshi ku bushyuhe bwinshi nyuma yo gukaraba.
Icyitonderwa: "Gutunganya" mu nganda mu by'ukuri ni ukunoza imiterere y'ibinyabutabire n'ibinyabutabire bya fibre ya karuboni, ariko mu by'ukuri, biragoye kubona imiterere ya grafiti.
4.5Guhindura karuboni:Uburyo bwo gushyushya kuva kuri fibre ya karuboni kugeza kuri fibre ya karuboni mu kirere kidakora neza.
4.6Fibre ya karuboni:Fibre zifite ingano ya karuboni irenga 90% (ijanisha ry'ubunini) zateguwe hakoreshejwe pyrolysis y'iminyururu y'umwimerere.
Icyitonderwa: imigozi ya karuboni muri rusange igenwa hakurikijwe imiterere yayo ya mekanike, cyane cyane imbaraga zo gukurura no gukurura imiyoboro.
4.7Imbere ya fibre ya karuboni:Imigozi y’ibinyabuzima ishobora guhindurwamo imigozi ya karuboni hakoreshejwe pyrolysis.
Icyitonderwa: matrix ikunze kuba ubudodo bukomeza, ariko umwenda uboshye, umwenda uboshye, umwenda uboshye n'icyuma gikoze mu ruhu nabyo birakoreshwa.
Reba: fibre ya karuboni ishingiye kuri polyacrylonitrile (4.1), fibre ya karuboni ishingiye kuri asphalt (4.2), fibre ya karuboni ishingiye kuri viscose (4.3).
4.8Fibre idavuwe:Fibres zidakoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso.
4.9Gushyira ogisijeni mu mubiri:Mbere yo gushyushya ibikoresho nk'ibya polyacrylonitrile, asphalt na viscose mu kirere mbere yo gushyushya no gushushanya.
5. Igitambaro
5.1Igitambaro cyo gupfuka urukutaIgipfukisho cy'urukutaIgitambaro cyo gushushanya ku rukuta
5.2UbuboshyiUburyo bwo kuboha ubudodo cyangwa kuzunguruka nta kuzunguruka
5.3UbudodoIgitambaro gikozwe mu budodo bwinshi bw'imyenda gifatanye neza, aho icyerekezo cy'ubudodo n'uburebure bw'imyenda muri rusange bitaba 0 ° cyangwa 90 °.
5.4Ubudodo bw'akamenyetsoUbudodo bufite ibara ritandukanye cyangwa imiterere itandukanye n'ubudodo bukomeza mu mwenda, bukoreshwa mu kumenya ibicuruzwa cyangwa koroshya imiterere y'imyenda mu gihe cyo kuyibumba.
5.5Irangizwa ry'umuti uvuraUmuti uhuza ushyirwa ku bicuruzwa by'ibirahuri by'imyenda kugira ngo uvange ubuso bw'ibirahuri na resin matrix, akenshi ku myenda.
5.6Igitambaro cy'icyerekezo kimweImiterere y’insinga ifite itandukaniro rigaragara mu mubare w’ubudodo mu cyerekezo cyo kugorora no ku mpande. (fata urugero rw’imyenda iboshye mu cyerekezo kimwe).
5.7Igitambaro gikozwe mu budodo bw'ibitareUbudodo bwo kugorora n'ubwo kugorora bikozwe mu budodo bw'ikirahure bufite uburebure buhamye.
5.8Ubudozi bwa satinHari nibura imigozi itanu y’ubudodo bw’ubudodo n’ubudodo bw’ubudodo mu gitambaro cyuzuye; Hari ahantu hamwe ho gushyira ibintu mu buryo bwa latitude (longitude) kuri buri longitude (latitude); Igitambaro gifite umubare urenga 1 kandi nta gice gihuriweho gifite umubare w’ubudodo buzenguruka mu gitambaro. Abafite impande nyinshi z’ubudodo ni satin ya warp, naho abafite impande nyinshi z’ubudodo ni satin ya weft.
5.9Igitambaro cy'ibyiciro byinshiImiterere y'imyenda igizwe n'imiterere ibiri cyangwa myinshi y'ibikoresho bimwe cyangwa bitandukanye binyuze mu kudoda cyangwa guhuza imiti, aho imiterere imwe cyangwa myinshi itondekwa icyarimwe nta minkanyari. Ubudodo bwa buri cyiciro bushobora kugira imiterere itandukanye n'ubucucike butandukanye. Imiterere imwe n'imwe y'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa irimo kandi ubudodo, firime, ifuro, n'ibindi hamwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye.
5.10Igitambaro kidaboshyeUrusobe rw'udupira tudakozwe no gufatanya urwego rubiri cyangwa rurenze rw'udupira dufatanye n'icyuma gifunga. Ubudodo buri inyuma buba buri ku mfuruka y'ubwoya buri imbere.
5.11UbugariIntera ihagaze kuva ku ruhande rwa mbere rw'igitambaro kugeza ku nkombe y'inyuma y'urupapuro rwa nyuma.
5.12Umuheto n'umuhetoInenge igaragara aho ubudodo bw'umugozi buba buri mu cyerekezo cy'ubugari bw'umwenda mu buryo burambuye.
Icyitonderwa: inenge isa n'ubudodo bwa arc warp bwitwa bow warp, kandi ijambo ry'icyongereza rijyanye nabwo ni "bow".
5.13Gukoresha imiyoboro y'amazi (mu myenda)Igitambaro cy'umuyoboro gifite ubugari burenze mm 100.
Reba: gushushanya (5.30).
5.14Agakapu gashunguraIgitambaro cy'imvi ni ikintu gisa n'umufuka gikozwe mu buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, gutera impyiko, guteka no gutunganya nyuma y'aho gikorewe, gikoreshwa mu kuyungurura gazi no gukuraho ivumbi mu nganda.
5.15Ikimenyetso cy'igice kinini kandi gitoigitambaro cy'umuzungurukoIsura y'ibice by'imyenda binini cyangwa bito iterwa n'uburemere bwinshi cyangwa buto cyane.
5.16Igitambaro cyarangiyeIgitambaro cyagenwe gihita gihuzwa n'igitambaro cyavuwe.
Reba: gushushanya igitambaro (5.35).
5.17Igitambaro givanzeUbudodo bwo mu bwoko bwa "warp" cyangwa "weft" ni umwenda ukozwe mu budodo buvanze buvanze n'ubudodo bubiri cyangwa burenze bwa "fibre".
5.18Igitambaro cy'ubwoko bwa hybridIgitambaro gikozwe mu budodo burenga bubiri butandukanye cyane.
5.19Igitambaro giboshyeMu mashini zo kuboha, nibura amatsinda abiri y'ubudodo aroshywa ku buryo bugororotse cyangwa ku mfuruka runaka.
5.20Igitambaro gitwikiriwe na latexIgitambaro cya Latex (cyanzwe)Igitambaro gitunganywa hakoreshejwe latex karemano cyangwa latex y’ubukorikori.
5.21Igitambaro gifatanyeUbudodo bwo kugorora n'ubwo kugorora bukozwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye cyangwa ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubudodo.
5.22Leno irarangiraIsura y'ubudodo bw'inyuma bubuze ku mugozi
5.23Ubucucike bw'impandeUbucucike bw'impandeUmubare w'ubudodo bwo kuzunguruka kuri buri gice cy'uburebure mu cyerekezo cy'ubudodo bw'umwenda, ugaragazwa mu bice / cm.
5.24Warp warp warp warpUbudodo butondetse ku burebure bw'umwenda (ni ukuvuga icyerekezo cya 0 °).
5.25Igitambaro gikozwe mu budodo buhorahoIgitambaro gikozwe mu migozi ikomeza kuzenguruka haba mu cyerekezo cyo kugorora no mu cyerekezo cyo gupfunyika.
5.26Uburebure bwa BurrIntera iri hagati y'inkombe y'umugozi ku nkombe y'umwenda n'inkombe y'umugozi.
5.27Igitambaro cy'imviIgitambaro cyaciwe ku mashini kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bushya.
5.28Ubudozi busanzweUbudodo bw'inyundo n'ubudodo buboshywe n'igitambaro cy'imyenda. Mu buryo bwuzuye, hariho ubudodo bubiri bw'inyundo n'ubudodo bw'imyenda.
5.29Igitambaro cyarangiyeIgitambaro gifite ubudodo bw'ikirahure burimo pulasitiki yo kunywesha nk'ibikoresho fatizo.
Reba: umuti wo kunywesha (2.16).
5.30Igikapu cyo gusinziramoIgitambaro cy'umuyoboro gifite ubugari butari hejuru ya mm 100.
Reba: umuyoboro (5.13).
5.31Igitambaro cyihariyeInyito igaragaza imiterere y'igitambaro. Inyito zikunze kugaragara ni izi:
- "amasogisi";
- "imizingo";
- "imbanzirizamushinga", n'ibindi.
5.32Ingufu z'umwuka zituruka ku guhumekaUbushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mwuka mu mwenda. Igipimo gazi inyuramo ihagaze mu gice cy'igeragezwa cyagenwe n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko
Igaragazwa muri cm / s.
5.33Igitambaro gitwikiriwe na pulasitikiIgitambaro gitunganywa hakoreshejwe PVC cyangwa izindi plastiki.
5.34Ecran itwikiriwe na pulasitikiurushundura rutwikiriwe na pulasitikiIbikoresho bikozwe mu mwenda winjijwe muri polyvinyl chloride cyangwa izindi plastiki.
5.35Igitambaro cy'inganoIgitambaro gikozwe mu mwenda w'ivu nyuma yo gushushanya ingano.
Reba: igitambaro cy'imvi (5.27), ibikoresho byo gukata ingano (2.33).
5.36Gukomera kw'ubwonkoUbukomezi n'ubushobozi bworoshye bw'imyenda kugira ngo idahinduka.
5.37Ubucucike bw'ibyuzuzoUbucucike bw'ubucucikeUmubare w'ubudodo bw'ubudodo kuri buri gice cy'uburebure mu cyerekezo cy'imyenda, ugaragazwa mu bice / cm.
5.38UburebureUbudodo busanzwe buri ku mfuruka igororotse igana ku mpinga (ni ukuvuga icyerekezo cya 90°) kandi bunyura hagati y'impande zombi z'umwenda.
5.39Imbogamizi ku kugabanuka kw'ibiciroInenge igaragara ni uko uburibwe ku mwenda buba bugoretse kandi butari bugororotse ku ruhande rw'aho bugoretse.
5.40Gutembera mu buryo buboshyeIgitambaro gikozwe mu buryo butagira imigozi.
5.41Kaseti nta kwishyiramoUbugari bw'igitambaro cy'ikirahure cy'imyenda kidapfundikiye ntibugomba kurenza mm 100.
Reba: umwenda muto udafite ibara ry'uruhu (5.42).
5.42Igitambaro gito kidafite imitakoIgitambaro kidapfutse, ubusanzwe gifite ubugari buri munsi ya mm 600.
5.43Twill kubohaUbudodo bw'imyenda aho ingingo z'ubudodo zikora imiterere ihoraho. Hari nibura ubudodo butatu bw'ubudodo n'ubudodo mu gitambaro cyuzuye.
5.44Kaseti ifite agapira ko kwisigaIgitambaro cy'ikirahure cy'imyenda gifite ubugari butarenze mm 100.
Reba: umwenda muto wa selvage (5.45).
5.45Igitambaro gito gifite imitakoIgitambaro gifite ubugari bungana, ubusanzwe gifite ubugari buri munsi ya mm 300.
5.46Ijisho ry'ifiAgace gato ku mwenda kabuza resin gutera, inenge iterwa na sisitemu ya resin, umwenda, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuyivura.
5.47Kuboha ibicuIgitambaro giboshywe mu buryo butaringaniye kibangamira ikwirakwira ry’ubudodo mu buryo bumwe, bigatuma habaho inenge mu bice binini n’ibito bisimburana.
5.48CreaseIshusho y'igitambaro cy'ikirahure gikozwe no guhindagura, gukwirakwira cyangwa gukandagira ku minkanyari.
5.49Igitambaro giboshyeIgitambaro gitambaye cyangwa kiriho umurambararo gikozwe mu budodo bw'imyenda gifite impeta zifatanye mu buryo bukurikiranye.
5.50Igitambaro cyoroshye gikozwe mu mwenda uboshyeImiterere y’urukuta ikozwe no kuboha ubudodo bw’inyundo n’ubudodo bufite intera yagutse.
5.51Kubaka imyendaMuri rusange yerekeza ku bucucike bw'imyenda, kandi ikubiyemo n'imiterere yayo mu buryo bwagutse.
5.52Ubunini bw'igitambaroIntera ihagaze hagati y'ubuso bubiri bw'umwenda ipimwa hakurikijwe igitutu cyagenwe.
5.53Umubare w'imyendaUmubare w'ubudodo kuri buri gice cy'uburebure mu cyerekezo cy'ubudodo n'ubudodo bw'umwenda, ugaragazwa nk'umubare w'ubudodo bw'ubudodo / cm × Umubare w'ubudodo bw'ubudodo / cm.
5.54Gukomera kw'imyendaBigaragaza ubukana bw'aho umugozi n'umugozi bihurira mu mwenda, bigaragazwa n'imbaraga zikoreshwa iyo ubudodo buri mu gice cy'icyitegererezo bukuwe mu miterere y'umwenda.
5.55Ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo kubohaImiterere isanzwe isubiramo igizwe n'imigozi ivanze n'imigozi, nka plain, satin na twill.
5.56InengeInenge ku mwenda zigabanya ubuziranenge n'imikorere yawo kandi zigira ingaruka ku isura yawo.
6. Resin n'inyongeramusaruro
6.1KatalisitiIngufu zihutaNi ikintu gishobora kwihutisha ubwiyongere bw'ingaruka mu rugero ruto. Mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, imiterere yacyo ya shimi ntizahinduka kugeza igihe ubwiyongere bw'ingaruka burangiye.
6.2Umuti uvuragukiraUburyo bwo guhindura prepolymer cyangwa polymer mo ibintu bikomeye hakoreshejwe polymerization na / cyangwa crosslinking.
6.3Nyuma yo gukiraNyuma yo gutekaShyushya ikintu cyabumbwe cyakozwe mu bikoresho bya thermosetting kugeza gikize neza.
6.4Resin ya matrixIgikoresho cyo gushushanya thermosetting.
6.5Ihuriro ry'umusaraba (inshinga) ihuriro ry'umusaraba (inshinga)Ihuriro rikora imigozi ya covalent cyangwa ionic hagati y'imigozi ya polymer.
6.6Guhuza abagenziUburyo bwo gukora imigozi ya covalent cyangwa ionic hagati y'iminyururu ya polymer.
6.7Kwibira mu maziUburyo polymer cyangwa monomer bishyirwa mu kintu mu mwobo muto cyangwa ahantu hadafite amazi binyuze mu gutemba, gushonga, gukwirakwira cyangwa gushonga.
6.8Igihe cya gel Igihe cya gelIgihe gisabwa kugira ngo hakorwe jeli munsi y'ubushyuhe bwagenwe.
6.9InyongeramusaruroIkintu cyongewemo kugira ngo gitere imbere cyangwa gihindure imiterere imwe n'imwe ya polimeri.
6.10IcuzuzaHari ibintu bikomeye bidakora byongewe muri pulasitiki kugira ngo byongere imbaraga za matrix, imiterere ya serivisi n'uburyo bwo gutunganya, cyangwa kugabanya ikiguzi.
6.11Igice cy'ibaraNi ikintu gikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi, ubusanzwe gifite utubumbe duto kandi kidashonga.
6.12Igihe cyo gukoresha ifumbire kizarangiraubuzima bwo gukoraIgihe resin cyangwa kole bigumana ubushobozi bwo gukora.
6.13Umuti wo gukururaInyongeramusaruro yongera ubukana bw'ibintu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chemical reaction.
6.14Igihe cyo kubikaigihe cyo kubikaMu gihe cyagenwe, ibikoresho biracyafite imiterere iteganijwe (nk'ubushobozi bwo kubitunganya, imbaraga, n'ibindi) mu gihe cyo kubibika.
7. Gutunganya imvange n'ibikenewe mbere
7.1 Plasitiki zikonjeshejwe na fibre y'ikirahure Plasitiki zikonjeshejwe na girahure GRP Ibikoresho bya GRP bifite fibre y'ikirahure cyangwa ibikoresho byabyo nk'inyongera na pulasitiki nk'umubumbe.
7.2 Gutegura mu buryo bumwe Imiterere y’icyerekezo kimwe irimo thermosetting cyangwa thermoplastic resin system.
Icyitonderwa: kaseti idafite umurongo umwe ni ubwoko bwa prepreg ikoresha umurongo umwe.
7.3 Kugabanuka guke Mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa, bivuga icyiciro gifite kugabanuka gukomeye kwa 0.05% ~ 0.2% mu gihe cyo gushya.
7.4 Ingano y'amashanyarazi Mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa, bigaragaza icyiciro kigomba kugira imikorere y'amashanyarazi yagenwe.
7.5 Gusubiramo Ibyerekeye imiterere y'ubushyuhe ntarengwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'imvange ya thermosetting mu gihe cyo gupima, hamwe na ℃ / s nk'igice.
7.6 Imyitwarire yo gukamura Igihe cyo gukamura, kwaguka k'ubushyuhe, gukamura no gukamura burundu uruvange rwa thermosetting mu gihe cyo gushushanya.
7.7 Imvange y'ubudodo ifite ubunini bwa TMC Imvange y'ubudodo ifite ubunini burenga mm 25.
7.8 Uruvange Uruvange rumwe rw'imashini imwe cyangwa nyinshi za polimeri n'ibindi bintu, nk'ibyuzuza, pulasitiki, katalysts n'ibisiga irangi.
7.9 Ibikubiye mu bicuruzwa bidafite agaciro Igipimo cy'ingano y'ibintu bidafite agaciro n'ingano yose mu bivanze, kigaragazwa nk'ijanisha.
7.10 Imvange y'ubucucike bwinshi BMC
Ni ikintu cyakozwe mu buryo bwa "semi-finished" kigizwe na resin matrix, fibre reinforcement fibre yaciwe hamwe na "filler" yihariye (cyangwa "non filler"). Kirashobora gucurwa cyangwa guterwa mu buryo bushyushye.
Icyitonderwa: shyiramo icyuma gitera imbaraga kugira ngo wongere ubushyuhe.
7.11 Gusohora mu buryo bufatika Mu gihe ibikoresho bikurura, fibre ikomeza cyangwa ibikoresho byayo bivanze n'amazi ya kole ya resin bishyushywa binyuze mu ibumba kugira ngo resin ikomeze kandi ikomeze gukora uburyo bwo gukora imiterere y'ibice bivanze.
7.12 Ibice byavunitse Ibikoresho bivanze bikozwe mu buryo buhora bukoreshwa mu gupfundikanya ubusanzwe bigira ubuso n'imiterere bihoraho.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-15-2022